Natural area tourism : ecology, impacts, and management / David Newsome, Susan A. Moore, and Ross K. Dowling.

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

The book covers all facets of tourism in natural areas. The book is underpinned by a strong foundation of environmental understanding. It then describes the range of impacts, which occur when tourism takes place in the natural environment and illustrates how managers can plan, develop and appropriately manage tourism developments in natural areas. Finally, the book addresses ongoing management concerns such as monitoring environmental change and the need to introduce appropriate management strategies.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. ix)
• Acknowledgements (p. xi)
• 1 Introduction (p. 1)
• Introduction (p. 1)
• Natural Areas (p. 3)
• Approaches to nature (p. 4)
• Types of natural areas (p. 5)
• Tourism (p. 6)
• Tourists (p. 9)
• Types of tourism (p. 10)
• Natural Area Tourism (p. 11)
• Adventure tourism (p. 13)
• Nature based tourism (p. 13)
• Wildlife tourism (p. 14)
• Ecotourism (p. 14)
• Tourism's Impacts in Natural Areas (p. 19)
• Planning and Management (p. 20)
• Outline of the Book (p. 21)
• Further Reading (p. 23)
• 2 The Ecological Perspective (p. 24)
• Introduction (p. 24)
• An Introduction to Ecosystems and Landscapes (p. 25)
• The structure of ecosystems (p. 28)
• Ecosystem function (p. 31)
• Ecological communities (p. 37)
• Disturbance and succession in ecosystems (p. 41)
• Landscape ecology (p. 45)
• Ecological Characteristics and Tourism in Different Types of Ecosystems (p. 51)
• Island ecosystems (p. 51)
• Coral reef ecosystems (p. 56)
• Tropical rain forests (p. 60)
• African savanna (p. 66)
• Tourism in modified and semi-natural ecosystems: the British countryside (p. 69)
• Wildlife as a Specific Component of Ecosystems (p. 72)
• A physiological response of ecological significance: stress (p. 73)
• Disturbance of normal feeding patterns as a result of food provisioning (p. 74)
• Tourist activity resulting in the avoidance of optimal resting and feeding areas (p. 75)
• Disturbance to feeding and the problem of opportunistic predation (p. 76)
• Disturbance of reproduction and maternal care (p. 76)
• The Philosophy of Ecosystem Tourism (p. 77)
• Further Reading (p. 78)
• 3 Environmental Impacts (p. 79)
• Introduction (p. 79)
• Sources of impact (p. 83)
• Trampling (p. 84)
• Access roads and trails (p. 95)
• Use of built facilities and camp grounds (p. 101)
• Use of water edges (p. 111)
• Recreation and tourism in mountainous areas (p. 118)
• Recreation and tourism in and around caves (p. 121)
• The observation of wildlife (p. 124)
• The landscape matrix (p. 129)
• Cumulative impacts (p. 134)
• Social and economic perspectives (p. 135)
• Biophysical Impacts: A Case Study Off-Road Vehicle Driving (p. 138)
• The use of off-road vehicles as a recreational activity (p. 138)
• The spectrum of environmental impact (p. 138)
• Arctic-alpine environments (p. 140)
• Tropical environments (p. 141)
• Arid environments (p. 142)
• Conclusion (p. 143)
• Further Reading (p. 144)
• 4 Visitor Planning (p. 146)
• Introduction (p. 146)
• Definition (p. 147)
• Reasons for visitor planning (p. 148)
• Planning as a value-laden activity (p. 150)
• Stakeholder Involvement in Visitor Planning (p. 150)
• Benefits and costs (p. 151)
• Techniques (p. 152)
• Planning Concepts (p. 153)
• Carrying capacity (p. 153)
• Acceptable change (p. 155)
• Spectrum of recreation opportunities (p. 156)
• Recreation/Tourism Planning Frameworks (p. 156)
• Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (p. 157)
• Limits of Acceptable Change (p. 162)
• Visitor Impact Management (p. 167)
• Tourism Optimisation Management Model (p. 170)
• Other planning frameworks (p. 175)
• Choosing a planning framework (p. 180)
• Conclusion (p. 183)
• Further Reading (p. 184)
• 5 Management Strategies and Actions (p. 185)
• Introduction (p. 185)
• Reasons for managing natural areas (p. 186)
• Creating Protected Areas (p. 186)
• Protected areas as a recent phenomenon (p. 186)
• Designing protected areas (p. 188)
• Extent and types of protected areas (p. 190)
• Other forms of protection (p. 190)
• Joint Management (p. 195)
• Zoning (p. 196)
• Site Management Actions (p. 197)
• Rationale for approach taken (p. 197)
• Managing roads and trails (p. 201)
• Managing built accommodation, campgrounds and other facilities (p. 205)
• Managing riverbanks, lakes and coastlines (p. 210)
• Site restoration (p. 211)
• Visitor Management Actions (p. 212)
• Regulating visitors (p. 212)
• Visitor communication and education (p. 218)
• Choosing Management Actions (p. 220)
• Making the choice (p. 220)
• A combined approach (p. 223)
• Managing the Tourism Industry (p. 223)
• Voluntary strategies (p. 223)
• Regulatory strategies (p. 232)
• Environmental Management Systems (p. 233)
• Conclusion (p. 235)
• Further Reading (p. 237)
• 6 Interpretation (p. 239)
• Introduction (p. 239)
• Principles and Application (p. 239)
• Principles (p. 240)
• Stages of the interpretive experience (p. 244)
• Application (p. 245)
• The Role of Interpretation (p. 246)
• The Pantanal: a tour operators perspective (p. 247)
• Orang utan rehabilitation centres as tourist attractions (p. 248)
• The case of reducing impacts on rare and endangered species (p. 249)
• Techniques and Examples (p. 250)
• Publications and web sites (p. 250)
• Visitor centres (p. 252)
• Self-guided trails (p. 252)
• Guided touring (p. 254)
• A Case Study in the Use, Application and Effectiveness of Interpretation (p. 256)
• Conclusion (p. 258)
• Further Reading (p. 258)
• 7 Monitoring (p. 259)
• Introduction (p. 259)
• Definition (p. 259)
• Reasons for monitoring (p. 260)
• Principles (p. 262)
• Developing a monitoring programme (p. 265)
• Monitoring Visitor Impacts on Natural Areas (p. 265)
• Built facilities, campgrounds and campsites (p. 266)
• Roads and trails (p. 276)
• Water bodies (p. 281)
• Monitoring Visitors to Natural Areas (p. 283)
• Visitor monitoring techniques (p. 286)
• Setting Standards for Indicators (p. 291)
• The role of perceptions (p. 291)
• Environmental auditing (p. 294)
• Integrated Approaches (p. 295)
• Conclusion (p. 296)
• Further Reading (p. 299)
• 8 Conclusion (p. 300)
• Introduction (p. 300)
• The Centrality of Ecology (p. 300)
• Understanding Impacts (p. 301)
• Emerging Views on Management (p. 302)
• The Importance of Sustainability (p. 303)
• Future Research (p. 303)
• References (p. 305)
• Index (p. 331)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

David Newsome is a lecturer in the School of Environmental Science at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. His research interests include the environmental impacts of tourism and recreation in national parks and nature reserves, birds as a focus for nature-based tourism, and the management of human-wildlife interactions
Susan A. Moore is a senior lecturer in the same department. Her research interests include human perceptions of the impacts of tourists, and planning, managing and monitoring tourism in naturalal areas
Ross K. Dowling is Associate Professor of Tourism and Head of the School of Marketing, Tourism & Leisure at Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia. He is a foundation Executive Member of the Ecotourism Association of Australia, is Vice Chairperson of the Forum Advocating Cultural and Ecotourism in Western Australia, and is Treasurer of the Australian International Year of Ecotourism 2002 Organising Committee. His principal research interests focus on planning for tourism development in natural areas around the world