Carbon capture : sequestration and storage [vol. 29] / edited by R.E. Hester and R.M. Harrison.

Contributor(s):

Material type: Text

TextSeries: Issues in environmental science and technology ; Vol 29.Publication details: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010.Description: xvi, 308 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cmISBN:

1847559174 (hbk.)
9781847559173 (hbk.)

ISSN:

13507583

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

628.532 HES

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Vol info	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Standard Loan	Moylish Library Main Collection	628.532 HES (Browse shelf(Opens below))	volume 29	1	Available		39002100391334

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

It is widely recognised that global warming is occurring due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Methods of capturing and then storing CO2 from major sources such as fossil-fuel-burning power plants are being developed to reduce the levels emitted to the atmosphere by human activities. The book reports on progress in this field and provides a context within the range of natural absorption processes in the oceans and forests and in soil. Comparisons with alternative energy sources such as solar and nuclear are made and policy issues are also reviewed. This topical book is multi-authored by experts ensuring expertise across the full range of this highly technical but mainstream subject. It is cutting edge science and technology presented in a highly readable form along with an extensive bibliography.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

Comparative Impacts of Fossil Fuels and Alternative Energy Sources (p. 1)
1 Introduction (p. 1)
2 Climate Change (p. 2)
3 The Urgent Need for Energy (p. 4)
4 The Environmental Impact of Energy (p. 7)
5 Carbon Capture and Storage (p. 8)
6 Stabilising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (p. 10)
7 Geo-Engineering as a Means of Stabilising Climate (p. 13)
8 Energy Sources, Energy Carriers and Energy Uses (p. 15)
9 A Matter of Scales (p. 17)
10 Small Carbon-Neutral Energy (p. 19)
10.1 Ocean Tides, Waves and Currents (p. 19)
10.2 Hydroenergy (p. 20)
10.3 Wind (p. 21)
10.4 Biomass (p. 21)
10.5 Geothermal (p. 22)
11 The Three Truly Big Energy Resources (p. 23)
11.1 Nuclear Energy (p. 23)
11.2 Solar Energy (p. 24)
11.3 Fossil Fuels with Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (p. 25)
11.4 Summary (p. 27)
12 Capture of Carbon Dioxide Directly from Ambient Air (p. 28)
13 A Revolution in the Energy Sector (p. 31)
14 Conclusions (p. 34)
Fossil Power Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Policy Development for Technology Deployment (p. 41)
1 Introduction (p. 41)
2 Reasons for Incentivising CCS Capture Projects (p. 43)
2.1 Tranches Model for Commercial-Scale Development and Deployment (p. 44)
2.2 Classes of Climate Change Mitigation Benefit with CCS (p. 46)
3 Features of Effective Incentives for Power Plants with CCS (p. 47)
4 Example CCS Incentives for the Electricity Sector (p. 50)
4.1 Site and Project-Specific Funding Options for First Tranche Plants (p. 50)
4.2 Electricity Emissions Performance Standards (EPSs) (p. 52)
4.3 A Sectoral CCS Standard (p. 54)
5 Scope for Retrofitting CCS and the Role for Carbon Capture Ready (CCR) Plants (p. 57)
6 Conclusions (p. 59)
Acknowledgements (p. 60)
Appendix A Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies Closest to Commercial Deployment (p. 60)
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Australia (p. 65)
1 Background (p. 65)
2 CCS Programs and Strategies (p. 67)
2.1 General Policy (p. 67)
2.2 Governmental CCS Initiatives and Funding (p. 71)
2.3 Black Coal Mining Industry Initiatives (p. 73)
3 CCS R&D Activities in Australia (p. 74)
3.1 Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO) (p. 75)
3.2 Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) (p. 76)
3.3 Centre for Low Emission Technology (cLET) (p. 78)
3.4 University Research Activities (p. 79)
4 CCS Projects in Australia (p. 80)
4.1 Commercial-Scale Projects Incorporating CCS (p. 80)
4.2 Large-Scale Demonstration Projects (p. 83)
4.3 Pilot-Scale Demonstrations (p. 85)
4.4 Storage Projects (p. 86)
5 CCS Legislation and Regulation (p. 91)
5.1 Regulatory Guiding Principles (p. 91)
5.2 Commonwealth Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPA) (p. 92)
5.3 State CCS Legislation (p. 94)
6 CCS Challenges in Australia (p. 96)
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) (p. 102)
1 Introduction (p. 102)
2 A Brief History of UCG (p. 103)
3 The Economic Case for UCG (p. 105)
4 An Introduction to UCG Technology (p. 107)
4.1 Gasification Configuration and Control (p. 108)
4.2 Directional Drilling (p. 108)
5 Current Status of UCG Deployment Worldwide (p. 110)
5.1 UK and Europe (p. 110)
5.2 North America (p. 110)
5.3 Asia (p. 111)
5.4 Australia (p. 111)
5.5 Africa (p. 111)
6 Mechanism for Carbon Dioxide Storage in Gasified Coal Seam Voids (p. 111)
7 Approaches to Environmental Risk Assessment (p. 115)
8 Linking UCG to CCS (p. 118)
9 North East England Case Study (p. 121)
10 Concluding Remarks on Scale of Opportunity and Challenges (p. 123)
Towards Zero Emission Production - Potential of Carbon Capture in Energy Intensive Industry (p. 126)
1 Overview (p. 126)
1.1 Greenhouse Gas Reduction/Issues for Energy Intensive Industry (p. 126)
2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Cement Manufacture (p. 129)
2.1 Cement Manufacture (p. 129)
2.2 Incentives for Carbon Reduction (p. 131)
2.3 Costs Associated with Carbon Emissions (p. 135)
3 Options for Mitigation (p. 138)
3.1 Mitigation in Cement Manufacture (p. 138)
3.2 Carbon Capture and Cement Manufacture (p. 140)
3.3 Removing Barriers to Development (p. 145)
4 Conclusions (p. 150)
Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (p. 155)
1 Introduction (p. 155)
2 Geology and CO 2 Storage (p. 156)
2.1 Rock Characteristics (p. 156)
2.2 CO 2 Properties and Geological Storage (p. 158)
2.3 Pressure (p. 162)
3 CO 2 Storage through Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery (p. 165)
3.1 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (p. 165)
3.2 Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGS) (p. 166)
3.3 Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery (ECBM) (p. 167)
3.4 Shale Gas (p. 167)
4 Storage Options (p. 168)
4.1 CO 2 Storage in Salt Caverns (p. 168)
4.2 Underground Coal Gasification Cavities (p. 168)
4.3 CO 2 Storage as CO 2 Hydrates (p. 169)
4.4 CO 2 Storage in Igneous/Metamorphic Rocks (p. 169)
5 Storage Capacity (p. 169)
5.1 The Resource Pyramid (p. 169)
5.2 Estimating Storage Capacity (p. 170)
6 Storage Site Operation (p. 171)
6.1 Geological Characterisation (p. 171)
6.2 Risk Assessment (p. 172)
6.3 Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) (p. 172)
6.4 Leakage (p. 173)
7 Public Awareness of CO 2 Storage (p. 174)
8 Conclusions (p. 174)
Acknowledgements (p. 175)
Carbon Sequestration in Soils (p. 179)
1 Introduction to the Carbon Cycle in Soil (p. 179)
1.1 Plant Production (p. 180)
1.2 Decomposition (p. 180)
1.3 Soil Organic Matter (p. 182)
1.4 Characteristics and Age of Soil Carbon (p. 183)
1.5 Losses to Water (p. 183)
2 Factors Influencing Carbon Accumulation (p. 184)
2.1 Climate (p. 185)
2.2 Plant Inputs (p. 185)
2.3 Other Organic Inputs (p. 186)
2.4 Tillage (p. 187)
2.5 Grazing (p. 187)
2.6 Drainage/Irrigation (p. 187)
2.7 Erosion (p. 188)
2.8 Fire Cycles (p. 188)
3 Land-Cover Classes and their Carbon-Sequestration Characteristics (p. 189)
3.1 Arable (p. 189)
3.2 Grassland (p. 190)
3.3 Forest/Woodland (p. 190)
3.4 Semi-Natural (p. 190)
3.5 Land-Use Change (p. 190)
4 Climatic Zones other than Cool Temperate (p. 191)
4.1 Warm Temperate (p. 191)
4.2 Tropical (p. 191)
5 The Quantification of Carbon-Sequestration Strategies (p. 191)
5.1 Worldwide Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential (p. 192)
5.2 Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential for Europe (p. 193)
5.3 Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential for the UK (p. 195)
5.4 Biochar Additions (p. 195)
5.5 Other Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Equivalents (p. 197)
5.6 Whole Cycle Analysis (p. 198)
6 Limitations and Challenges (p. 198)
6.1 Realistic Goals (p. 198)
6.2 Upper Limits and Timescales (p. 200)
6.3 Competing Processes (p. 200)
Carbon Capture and Storage in Forests (p. 203)
1 Introduction: The Role of Forestry in Climate Change Mitigation (p. 203)
2 Carbon Pools and Flows in Forests (p. 206)
3 Carbon Sink and Storage in Forests: Several Implications from Europe (p. 211)
3.1 A Focus on the United Kingdom (p. 212)
3.2 A Focus on Transitional Countries of Ukraine and Slovakia (p. 214)
3.3 A Focus on The Netherlands (p. 217)
4 A Focus on Tropical Forests (p. 219)
5 Economic Considerations of Carbon Sink and Storage in Forests (p. 221)
6 Uncertainties Pertaining to Carbon Sink and Storage in Forests (p. 226)
7 Social Considerations of Carbon Sink and Storage in Forests (p. 229)
8 Conclusions (p. 232)
Carbon Uptake, Transport and Storage by Oceans and the Consequences of Change (p. 240)
1 Summary (p. 240)
2 Carbon Uptake by Oceans (p. 241)
2.1 Air-Sea Exchange of Carbon Dioxide and the Chemistry of Carbon in Sea water (p. 241)
2.2 Carbon Fixation and Controlling Factors (p. 243)
3 Carbon Transport and Storage by Oceans (p. 250)
3.1 The Solubility Pump (p. 250)
3.2 The Biological Pumps (p. 255)
4 Consequences of Too Little Uptake (p. 256)
4.1 Slow Down of the Physical Ocean Sink and Feedbacks to Climate (p. 256)
4.2 Changes in Net Primary Productivity (p. 257)
5 Consequences of Too Much Uptake (p. 260)
5.1 Ocean Acidification (p. 260)
5.2 Oxygen Depletion and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) (p. 269)
Methane Biogeochemistry and Carbon Stores in the Arctic Ocean: Hydrates and Permafrost (p. 285)
1 Introduction (p. 285)
1.1 Methane: Marine Sources and Sinks (p. 286)
1.2 Arctic Ocean Methane and Global Warming (p. 286)
2 Methane Hydrates (p. 287)
2.1 Methane Hydrates and Hydrate Stability (p. 287)
2.2 The 'Clathrate Gun' Hypothesis (p. 289)
2.3 Methane Hydrates - Arctic Ocean (p. 289)
2.4 Methane Hydrate Exploitation in the Arctic (p. 290)
3 Permafrost (p. 291)
3.1 Permafrost Relevance to Methane (p. 291)
3.2 Permafrost and Global Warming (p. 292)
4 Methane in the Arctic Ocean (p. 292)
4.1 Distribution, Sources and Sinks (p. 292)
4.2 Methane and Sea-Ice (p. 294)
5 Conclusions (p. 295)
Subject Index (p. 301)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Ronald E Hester is at the University of York, UK Roy M Harrison OBE is at the University of Birmingham, UK