Organic and biological chemistry / H. Stephen Stoker.

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

This text is comprised of Chapters 12-26 of Stoker,General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry.For a full description, see the catalog entry for Stoker,General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Part I Organic Chemistry
• 1 Saturated Hydrocarbons Organic and Inorganic Compounds
• Bonding Characteristics of the Carbon Atom
• Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Derivatives
• Alkanes: Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Structural Formulas
• Alkane Isomerism
• Conformations of Alkanes
• IUPAC Nomenclature for Alkanes
• Line-Angle Formulas for Alkanes
• Classification of Carbon Atoms
• Branched-Chain Alkyl Groups
• Cycloalkanes
• IUPAC Nomenclature for Cycloalkanes
• Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
• Sources of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Chemical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Chemistry at a Glance: Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Nomenclature and Properties of Halogenated Alkanes
• Chemical Connections: The Occurrence of Methane
• The Physiological Effects of Alkanes
• Chlorofluorocarbons and the Ozone Layer
• 2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Characteristics of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
• Names for Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
• Line-Angle Formulas for Alkenes
• Isomerism in Alkenes
• Naturally Occurring Alkenes
• Physical Properties of Alkenes
• Chemical Reactions of Alkenes
• Polymerization of Alkenes: Addition Polymers
• Alkynes
• Chemistry at a Glance: Chemical Reactions of Alkenes
• Chemistry at a Glance: IUPAC Nomenclature for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Names for Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Physical Properties and Sources
• Chemical Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Fused-Ring Aromatic Compounds
• Chemical Connections: Ethene: A Plant Hormone and High-Volume Industrial Chemical
• Cis-Trans Isomerism and Vision
• Carotenoids: A Source of Color
• Fused-Ring Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cancer
• 3 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers Bonding Characteristics of Oxygen Atoms in Organic Compounds
• Structural Characteristics of Alcohols
• Nomenclature for Alcohols
• Isomerism for Alcohols
• Important Commonly Encountered Alcohols
• Physical Properties of Alcohols
• Preparation of Alcohols
• Classification of Alcohols
• Chemical Reactions of Alcohols
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of Chemical Reactions Involving Alcohols
• Polymeric Alcohols
• Structural Characteristics of Phenols
• Nomenclature for Phenols
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Phenols
• Occurrence of and Uses for Phenols
• Structural Characteristics of Ethers
• Nomenclature for Ethers
• Isomerism for Ethers
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Ethers
• Cyclic Ethers
• Sulfur Analogs and Alcohols
• Sulfur Analogs of Ethers
• Chemical Connections: Menthol: A Useful Naturally Occurring Terpene Alcohol
• Ethers as General Anesthetics
• Marijuana: The Most Commonly Used Illicit Drug
• Garlic and Onions: Odiferous Medicinal Plants
• 4 Aldehydes and Ketones
• The Carbonyl Group
• Structure of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Nomenclature for Aldehydes
• Nomenclature for Ketones
• Isomerism for Aldehydes and Ketones
• Selected Common Aldehydes and Ketones
• Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of Chemical Reactions Involving Aldehydes and Ketones
• Formaldehyde-Based Polymers
• Sulfur-Containing Carbonyl Groups
• Chemical Connections: Lachrymatory Aldehydes and Ketones
• Melanin: A Hair and Skin Pigment
• Diabetes, Aldehyde Oxidation, and Glucose Testing
• 5 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Acid Derivatives
• Structure of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• IUPAC Nomenclature for Carboxylic Acids
• Common Names for Carboxylic Acids
• Polyfunctional Carboxylic Acids
• Metabolic Acids
• Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
• Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic Acid Salts
• Structure of Esters
• Preparation of Esters
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of the H Versus R Relationship for Pairs of Hydrocarbon Derivatives
• Nomenclature for Esters
• Selected Common Esters
• Isomerism for Carboxylic Acids and Esters
• Physical Properties of Esters
• Chemical Reactions of Esters
• Sulfur Analogs of Esters
• Polyesters
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of Chemical Reactions Involving Carboxylic Acids and Esters
• Acid Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides
• Esters and Anhydrides of Inorganic Acids
• Chemical Connections: Nonprescription Pain Relievers Derived from Propanoic Acid
• Carboxylic Acids and Skin Care
• Aspirin; Nitroglycerin: An Inorganic Triester
• 6 Amines and Amides
• Bonding Characteristics of Nitrogen Atoms in Organic Compounds
• Structure and Classification of Amines
• Nomenclature for Amines
• Isomerism for Amines
• Physical Properties of Amines
• Basicity of Amines
• Amine Salts
• Heterocyclic Amines
• Selected Biochemically Important Amines
• Alkaloids
• Structure and Classification of Amides
• Nomenclature for Amides
• Selected Amides and Their Uses
• Properties of Amides
• Preparation of Amides
• Hydrolysis of Amides
• Polyamides and Polyurethanes
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of Chemical Reactions Involving Amines and Amides
• Chemical Connections: Caffeine: The Most Widely Used Central Nervous System Stimulant
• Amphetamines: Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Alkaloids Present in Chocolate; Acetaminophen: A Substituted Amide
• Part II Biological Chemistry
• 7 Carbohydrates
• BiochemistryùAn Overview
• Occurrence and Functions of Carbohydrates
• Classification of Carbohydrates
• Chirality: Handedness in Molecules
• Stereoisomerism: Enantiomers and Diastereomers
• Designating Handedness Using Fischer Projections
• Chemistry at a Glance: Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers
• Properties of Enantiomers
• Classification of Monosaccharides
• Biochemically Important Monosaccharides
• Cyclic Forms of Monosaccharides
• Haworth Projection Formulas
• Reactions of Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Chemistry at a Glance: Sugar Terminology Associated with Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives
• General Characteristics of Polysaccharides
• Storage Polysaccharides
• Structural Polysaccharides
• Chemistry at a Glance: Types of Glycosidic Linkages for Common Glucose-Containing Di- and Polysaccharides
• Acidic Polysaccharides
• Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
• Dietary Considerations and Carbohydrates
• Chemical Connections: Blood Types and Monosaccharides
• Lactose Intolerance and Galactosemia
• Artifical Sweeteners
• Good and Bad Carbs: The Glycemic Index
• 8 Lipids
• Structure and Classification of Lipids
• Fatty Acids: Lipid Building Blocks
• Physical Properties of Fatty Acids
• Energy-Storage Lipids: Triacylglycerols
• Dietary Considerations and Triacylglycerols
• Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols
• Chemistry at a Glance: Classification Schemes for Fatty Acid Residues Present in Triacylglycerols
• Membrane Lipids: Phospholipids
• Membrane Lipids: Sphingoglycolipids
• Chemistry at a Glance: Terminology for and Structural Relationships Among Various Types of Fatty-Acid-Containing Lipids
• Membrane Lipids: Cholesterol
• Cell Membranes
• Emulsification Lipids: Bile Acids
• Messenger Lipids: Steroid Hormones
• Messenger Lipids: Eicosanoids
• Protective-Coating Lipids: Biological Waxes
• Chemistry at a Glance: Types of Lipids and How They Function
• Chemical Connections: The Fat Content of Tree Nuts and Peanuts
• Artificial Fat Substitutes
• The Cleansing Action of Soap
• Trans Fatty Acids and Blood Cholesterol Levels
• Steroid Drugs in Sports
• The Mode of Action for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
• 9 Proteins Characteristics of Proteins
• Amino Acids: The Building Blocks for Proteins
• Chirality and Amino Acids
• Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
• Cysteine: A Chemically Unique Amino Acid
• Peptide Formation
• Biochemically Important Small Peptides
• General Structural Characteristics of Proteins
• Primary Structure of Proteins
• Secondary Structure of Proteins
• Tertiary Structure of Proteins
• Quaternary Structure of Proteins
• Fibrous and Globular Proteins
• Chemistry at a Glance: Protein Structure
• Protein Hydrolysis
• Protein Denaturation
• Glycoproteins
• Lipoproteins
• Chemical Connections: The Essential Amino Acids
• Substitutes for Human Insulin
• Protein Structure and the Color of Meat
• Denaturation and Human Hair
• Cyclosporine: An Antirejection Drug
• Lipoproteins and Heart Attack Risk
• 10 Enzymes and Vitamins
• General Characteristics of Enzymes
• Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes
• Enzyme Structure
• Models of Enzyme Action
• Enzyme Specificity
• Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity
• Chemistry at a Glance: Enzyme Activity
• Enzyme Inhibition
• Regulation of Enzyme Activity: Allosteric Enzymes
• Chemistry at a Glance: Enzyme Inhibition
• Regulation of Enzyme Activity: Zymogens
• Antibiotics That Inhibit Enzyme Activity
• Medical Uses of Enzymes
• Vitamins
• Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins
• Chemical Connections: Hpylori and Stomach Ulcers
• Enzymatic Browning: Discoloration of Fruits and Vegetables
• Heart Attacks and Enzyme Analysis
• 11 Nucleic Acids
• Types of Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides: Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
• Primary Nucleic Acid Structure
• The DNA Double Helix
• Replication of DNA Molecules
• Overview of Protein Synthesis
• Ribonucleic Acids
• Chemistry at a Glance: DNA Replication
• Transcription: RNA Synthesis
• The Genetic Code
• Anticodons and tRNA Molecules
• Translation: Protein Synthesis
• Mutations
• Chemistry at a Glance: Protein Synthesis
• Nucleic Acids and Viruses
• Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
• The Polymerase Chain Reaction
• DNA Sequencing
• Chemical Connections: Use of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Bases in Medicine
• Antibiotics That Inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis
• 12 Biochemical Energy Production
• Metabolism
• Metabolism and Cell Structure
• Important Intermediate Compounds in Metabolic Pathways
• High-Energy Phosphate Compounds
• An Overview of Biochemical Energy Production
• The Citric Acid Cycle
• Chemistry at a Glance: Simplified Summary of the Four Stages of Biochemical Energy Production
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of the Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle
• The Electron Transport Chain
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of the Flow of Electrons Through the Four Complexes of the Electron Transport Chain
• Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Chemistry at a Glance: Summary of the Common Metabolic Pathway
• ATP Production for the Common Metabolic Pathway
• The Importance of ATP
• Non-ETC Oxygen-Consuming Reactions
• Chemical Connections: Cyanide Poisoning
• Brown Fat, Newborn Babies, and Hibernating Animals
• Flavonoids: An Important Class of Dietary Antioxidants
• 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
• Glycolysis
• Fates of Pyruvate
• ATP Production for the Complete Oxidation of Glucose
• Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation
• Gluconeogenesis and the Cori Cycle
• Terminology for Glucose Metabolic Pathways
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• Chemistry at a Glance: Glucose Metabolism
• Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Chemical Connections: Lactate Accumulation; Diabetes Mellitus
• 14 Lipid Metabolism
• Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
• Triacylglycerol Storage and Mobilization
• Glycerol Metabolism
• Oxidation of Fatty Acids
• ATP Production from Fatty Acid Oxidation
• Ketone Bodies
• Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids: Lipogenesis
• Biosynthesis of Cholesterol
• Chemistry at a Glance: Interrelationships Between Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
• Relationships Between Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Chemical Connections: High-Intensity Versus Low-Intensity Workouts
• Statins: Drugs That Lower Plasma Levels of Cholesterol
• 15 Protein Metabolism Protein Digestion and Absorption
• Amino Acid Utilization
• ransamination and Oxidative Deamination
• The Urea Cycle
• Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons
• Amino Acid Biosynthesis
• Hemoglobin Catabolism
• Chemistry at a Glance: Interrelationships Among Lipid, Carbohydrate, and Protein Metabolism
• Interrelationships Among Metabolic Pathways
• Chemical Connections: The Chemical Composition of Urine
• Arginine, Citrulline, and the Chemical Messenger Nitric Oxide