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Coal gasification and its applications [electronic book] / by David A. Bell, Brian F. Towler.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublication details: Norwich, N.Y. : William Andrew ; Oxford : Elsevier Science [distributor], 2010.Description: p. cmISBN:
  • 0815520492 (electronic bk.)
  • 9780815520498 (electronic bk.)
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Coal gasification and its applications.Online resources:
Contents:
The Nature of Coal -- Non-gasification Coal Use -- Gasification Fundamentals -- Gasifiers -- In-situ Gasification -- Gas Cleaning -- Water-gas shift -- IGCC -- Syngas to Chemicals -- Syngas to Fuels -- Carbon Sequestration -- Economics.
Summary: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes. This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes. The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books. . Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes . Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes . Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products . Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books.
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Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.

This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.

The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.

* Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes
* Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes
* Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products
* Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books

The Nature of Coal -- Non-gasification Coal Use -- Gasification Fundamentals -- Gasifiers -- In-situ Gasification -- Gas Cleaning -- Water-gas shift -- IGCC -- Syngas to Chemicals -- Syngas to Fuels -- Carbon Sequestration -- Economics.

Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes. This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes. The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books. . Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes . Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes . Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products . Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books.

Electronic reproduction. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Web browser. Title from title screen (viewed on Dec. 8, 2010). Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

  • Introduction (p. ix)
  • 1 The Nature of Coal (p. 1)
  • The Geologic Origin of Coal (p. 1)
  • Coal Analysis and Classification (p. 2)
  • Coal Rank (p. 4)
  • Ash Thermal Properties (p. 5)
  • Coal as a Porous Material (p. 9)
  • Spontaneous Combustion (p. 10)
  • Reserves, Resources, and Production (p. 11)
  • 2 Non-gasification Uses of Coal (p. 17)
  • Home Heating and Cooking vs. Industrial Use (p. 17)
  • Coal Combustion Pollutants (p. 17)
  • Pulverized Coal Combustion (p. 19)
  • Supercritical Pulverized Coal Combustion (p. 20)
  • Carbon Capture with Pulverized Coal Combustion Plants (p. 21)
  • Oxy-combustion (p. 24)
  • Sargas (p. 27)
  • Coal-to-liquids (p. 28)
  • 3 Gasification Fundamentals (p. 35)
  • Process Goals (p. 35)
  • Devolatization (p. 36)
  • Reactions with Oxygen (p. 38)
  • Char Reactions (p. 38)
  • Additional Gas Phase Reactions (p. 39)
  • Slagging (p. 39)
  • Balancing Coal, Oxygen and Water Feeds (p. 39)
  • Air Versus Oxygen Feed (p. 41)
  • Estimating Syngas Composition from Equilibrium Calculations (p. 41)
  • Reaction Rates (p. 46)
  • Fluidization Regimes (p. 64)
  • Computational Fluid Dynamic Models (p. 67)
  • In Summary (p. 68)
  • 4 Gasifiers (p. 73)
  • Overview (p. 73)
  • Moving Bed Gasifiers: The Lurgi Gasifier (p. 73)
  • BGL Gasifier (p. 75)
  • Fluidized Bed Gasifiers: The Winkler Gasifier (p. 77)
  • High Temperature Winkler Gasifier (p. 79)
  • U-Gas Gasifier (p. 79)
  • Foster-Wheeler Partial Gasifier (p. 79)
  • KBR Transport Gasifier (p. 80)
  • Entrained Flow Gasifiers: The GE Gasifier (p. 83)
  • ConocoPhillips E-Gas Gasifier (p. 88)
  • Shell Gasifier (p. 90)
  • Siemens Gasifier (p. 91)
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Gasifier (p. 92)
  • Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) Gasifier (p. 93)
  • Less Conventional Gasifiers: The Alter NRG Plasma Gasification System (p. 96)
  • 5 Underground Coal Gasification (p. 101)
  • Underground Gasification Concept (p. 101)
  • Motivation (p. 102)
  • Connections between Injection and Production Wells (p. 102)
  • Process Control and Modeling (p. 103)
  • Water Contamination (p. 107)
  • UCG-recoverable Coal (p. 108)
  • Gas Tech Process and Economic Study (p. 108)
  • 6 Sulfur Recovery (p. 113)
  • Coal Combustion (p. 113)
  • Sulfur Compounds in Syngas (p. 114)
  • COS Hydrolysis (p. 114)
  • Water Quench/Water Condensation (p. 115)
  • Acid Gas Removal Processes (p. 116)
  • Physical Solvent: Rectisol Process (p. 117)
  • Physical Solvent: Selexol (p. 122)
  • Chemical Solvents: Amines (p. 124)
  • Chemical Solvents: Benfield Process (p. 126)
  • Chemical Solvents: Aqueous Ammonia (p. 127)
  • Solid Adsorbents for Sulfur Removal (p. 128)
  • Elemental Sulfur: Claus Process (p. 130)
  • Shell Claus Offgas Treatment (SCOT) Process (p. 131)
  • Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acid (p. 132)
  • Co-sequestration of CO 2 and H 2 S (p. 134)
  • 7 Hydrogen Production and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) (p. 137)
  • Need for Increasing H 2 Content (p. 137)
  • Water Gas Shift in the Catalytic Temperature Range (p. 138)
  • Hydrogen for Ammonia Synthesis (p. 139)
  • Iron-Based HT Shift Catalyst (p. 140)
  • LT Shift Catalyst (p. 142)
  • Sour Gas Shift (p. 142)
  • Steam-Iron Process (p. 143)
  • Hydrogen for Ammonia Synthesis: Removal of Residual Impurities (p. 145)
  • Dehydration (p. 146)
  • Hydrogen for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (p. 146)
  • Hydrogen for Petroleum Refining (p. 148)
  • Combined cycle plants for power production, NGCC and IGCC (p. 149)
  • Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) (p. 151)
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) (p. 152)
  • Combining IGCC and Oxy-Combustion (p. 154)
  • Methanol, SNG, and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (p. 155)
  • 8 Hydrogen Adsorption and Storage (p. 157)
  • Introduction (p. 157)
  • Physisorption of Hydrogen (p. 158)
  • Chemisorption of Hydrogen (p. 210)
  • Hydrogen Storage in Pure and Reduced Microporous and Mesoporous Ti Oxides (p. 230)
  • 9 Mercury Removal (p. 247)
  • Introduction (p. 248)
  • Mercury Species in Coal Combustion (p. 250)
  • Summary of Technologies for Mercury Removal (p. 252)
  • Flue Gas Components that Affect Mercury Sorption (p. 282)
  • Summary (p. 288)
  • 10 CO 2 Sorption (p. 293)
  • Introduction (p. 293)
  • Sorption-based CO 2 Separation Processes (p. 296)
  • Adsorbent Performance for CO 2 Capture (p. 301)
  • CO 2 Capture Development Strategies (p. 333)
  • 11 Ammonia and Derivatives (p. 341)
  • Historical Background (p. 341)
  • Feedstocks for Ammonia Synthesis (p. 342)
  • Ammonia Synthesis Equilibria and the Synthesis Loop (p. 342)
  • Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts (p. 344)
  • Ammonia Synthesis Kinetics (p. 345)
  • Ammonia as Nitrogen Fertilizer (p. 347)
  • Ammonia as a Transportation Fuel (p. 348)
  • Urea (p. 348)
  • Nitric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate (p. 349)
  • Future of Nitrogen Fertilizers (p. 350)
  • 12 Methanol and Derivatives (p. 353)
  • Reaction Chemistry and Catalysts (p. 353)
  • Methanol Synthesis Equilibria (p. 354)
  • Methanol Synthesis Flowsheet (p. 356)
  • Methanol Synthesis Kinetics (p. 357)
  • Methanol as a Transportation Fuel (p. 359)
  • Dimethyl Ether (p. 359)
  • Two Pot Synthesis of DME (p. 360)
  • One Pot Synthesis of DME (p. 361)
  • DME to Hydrocarbons: ExxonMobil MTG Process (p. 365)
  • Methanol to Hydrocarbons: UOP/HYDRO MTO Process (p. 368)
  • Methanol and DME to Hydrocarbons: Future Prospects (p. 370)
  • 13 Substitute Natural Gas and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (p. 373)
  • Overview (p. 373)
  • Substitute Natural Gas (p. 373)
  • SNG Processes (p. 375)
  • Competition Between Coal Gasification and Natural Gas (p. 377)
  • SNG as a Carrier of Coal Energy (p. 378)
  • SNG Versus Synthetic Liquid Hydrocarbons (p. 378)
  • Fischer-Tropsch History (p. 379)
  • Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry (p. 379)
  • FT reactor design (p. 381)
  • Refining Fischer-Tropsch Fluids (p. 385)
  • FT Economics (p. 389)
  • Index (p. 393)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Chair of Petroleum Engineering, The University of Queensland

University of Wyoming

Chair of Dept, 2004 - 2008

Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Petroleum Engineering, 2009

Associate Editor and Board member of Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2007-present.

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