Marine pollution and human health [vol. 33] / R.E. Hester, R.M. Harrison, editors.

Contributor(s):

Material type: Text

TextSeries: Issues in environmental science and technology ; Vol 33.Publication details: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, c2011.Description: xiv, 168 p. : ill. ; 24 cmISBN:

184973240X
9781849732406

ISSN:

13507583

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

363.7394 HES

Online resources:

Access the electronic version

Contents:

Marine Environment and Human Health: an Overview / J. Icarus Allen -- Waterborne Pathogens / Jill R. Stewart [et. al.] -- Estuarine and Marine Pollutants / James W. Readman [et. al.] -- Harmful Algal Blooms / Keith Davidson, Paul Tett and Richgard Gowen -- Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs / Michael N. Moore, Richard Owen and Michael H. Depledge.

Summary: There is growing concern about the state of the world's oceans. The rapid growth of human populations in coastal regions has led to increasing dependence on marine resources. Beneficial features related to food supply and life style need to be balanced against the hazards presented by microbial pathogens, chemical pollutants, and toxic algal blooms. In this book, a group of experts from a range of backgrounds review the key aspects of the marine environment in relation to human health. An initial overview explains the need for integrating a range of disciplines, from physical oceanography and marine biology to molecular biology and epidemiology. Only by this approach can we hope to predict the consequences of environmental change and exploitation of natural resources upon our coastal ecosystems and, ultimately, on society and human health. Subsequent chapters then focus on more specialized topics. Firstly, waterborne pathogens are reviewed in detail and the microbial measures and policy implications important for protecting humans from exposure are described. Next, the consumption of contaminated seafood is considered along with its implications regarding the growth of aquaculture. Priority pollutants, emerging contaminants, and plastics are investigated as are the effects of climate change on pollution. Some phytoplankton produce biotoxins which accumulate in the flesh of filter-feeders such as bivalve molluscs. This creates a health risk when the shellfish are consumed by humans. The penultimate chapter, therefore, concentrates on harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the methodologies used to safeguard human health.The book concludes by proposing a holistic systems approach, such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management, to address the interconnected scientific challenges of increased human population pressure, pollution, over-exploitation of food resources, and the urgent need for effective public health solutions to be developed from politically and environmentally meaningful policies.

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Vol info	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Standard Loan	Moylish Library Main Collection	363.7394 HES (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Volume 33	1	Available		39002100462747

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

There is growing concern about the state of the world's oceans. The rapid growth of human populations in coastal regions has led to increasing dependence on marine resources. Beneficial features related to food supply and life style need to be balanced against the hazards presented by microbial pathogens, chemical pollutants, and toxic algal blooms. In this book, a group of experts from a range of backgrounds review the key aspects of the marine environment in relation to human health. An initial overview explains the need for integrating a range of disciplines, from physical oceanography and marine biology to molecular biology and epidemiology. Only by this approach can we hope to predict the consequences of environmental change and exploitation of natural resources upon our coastal ecosystems and, ultimately, on society and human health. Subsequent chapters then focus on more specialized topics. Firstly, waterborne pathogens are reviewed in detail and the microbial measures and policy implications important for protecting humans from exposure are described. Next, the consumption of contaminated seafood is considered along with its implications regarding the growth of aquaculture. Priority pollutants, emerging contaminants, and plastics are investigated as are the effects of climate change on pollution. Some phytoplankton produce biotoxins which accumulate in the flesh of filter-feeders such as bivalve molluscs. This creates a health risk when the shellfish are consumed by humans. The penultimate chapter, therefore, concentrates on harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the methodologies used to safeguard human health. The book concludes by proposing a holistic systems approach, such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management, to address the interconnected scientific challenges of increased human population pressure, pollution, over-exploitation of food resources, and the urgent need for effective public health solutions to be developed from politically and environmentally meaningful policies.

(swets) journal catalogued as book.

Includes index.

There is growing concern about the state of the world's oceans. The rapid growth of human populations in coastal regions has led to increasing dependence on marine resources. Beneficial features related to food supply and life style need to be balanced against the hazards presented by microbial pathogens, chemical pollutants, and toxic algal blooms. In this book, a group of experts from a range of backgrounds review the key aspects of the marine environment in relation to human health. An initial overview explains the need for integrating a range of disciplines, from physical oceanography and marine biology to molecular biology and epidemiology. Only by this approach can we hope to predict the consequences of environmental change and exploitation of natural resources upon our coastal ecosystems and, ultimately, on society and human health. Subsequent chapters then focus on more specialized topics. Firstly, waterborne pathogens are reviewed in detail and the microbial measures and policy implications important for protecting humans from exposure are described. Next, the consumption of contaminated seafood is considered along with its implications regarding the growth of aquaculture. Priority pollutants, emerging contaminants, and plastics are investigated as are the effects of climate change on pollution. Some phytoplankton produce biotoxins which accumulate in the flesh of filter-feeders such as bivalve molluscs. This creates a health risk when the shellfish are consumed by humans. The penultimate chapter, therefore, concentrates on harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the methodologies used to safeguard human health.The book concludes by proposing a holistic systems approach, such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management, to address the interconnected scientific challenges of increased human population pressure, pollution, over-exploitation of food resources, and the urgent need for effective public health solutions to be developed from politically and environmentally meaningful policies.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

Editors (p. xi)
List of Contributors (p. xiii)
Marine Environment and Human Health: An Overview (p. 1)
1 Introduction (p. 1)
2 Conceptual Framework (p. 5)
3 Issues addressed in this Book (p. 10)
3.1 Pathogens (p. 10)
3.2 Pollutants (p. 11)
3.3 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) (p. 12)
3.4 Public Health and Wellbeing (p. 14)
3.5 Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs (p. 15)
4 Towards a Systems Approach (p. 16)
References (p. 21)
Waterborne Pathogens (p. 25)
1 Introduction (p. 25)
2 Human Pathogens in the Marine Environment (p. 27)
2.1 Pathogens Introduced to the Oceans (p. 27)
2.2 Pathogens Indigenous to the Oceans (p. 30)
2.3 Differentiating Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Microbes (p. 30)
2.4 Pathogen Distribution (p. 31)
2.5 Pathogen Detection (p. 32)
3 Fecal Indicator Bacteria (p. 32)
3.1 Development and Usage (p. 33)
3.2 Limitations (p. 35)
4 Alternative Measures of Microbial Quality (p. 38)
4.1 The Ideal Indicator (p. 38)
4.2 Alternative Indicators (p. 39)
4.3 Microbial Source Tracking (p. 40)
5 Molecular Methods: A Revolution in Detection Technologies (p. 42)
6 Epidemiological Studies: Linking Microbial Measures to Human Health (p. 44)
7 Modeling Pathogens in Marine Waters (p. 53)
7.1 Modeling Aquatic Pathogens: The Example of Vibrios (p. 53)
7.2 Coupling Modeling and Remote Sensing (p. 55)
7.3 Use of Models in Management: Fecal Indicator Bacteria (p. 56)
8 The Future of Beach Regulation (p. 56)
References (p. 58)
Estuarine and Marine Pollutants (p. 68)
1 Context (p. 68)
2 Public Perception (p. 70)
3 Priority Substances and Legislation (p. 71)
4 Emerging Contaminants (p. 74)
4.1 Industrial Emerging Contaminants (p. 75)
4.2 Other Emerging Contaminants (p. 78)
5 Nanoparticles (p. 80)
5.1 Sources and Environmental Behaviour (p. 80)
6 Plastics (p. 84)
7 Complex Mixtures: Causality of Effects (p. 85)
8 Climate Change and Pollutants (p. 86)
9 Future Issues (p. 88)
References (p. 89)
Harmful Algal Blooms (p. 95)
1 Phytoplankton (p. 95)
1.1 Harmful Phytoplankton (p. 98)
1.2 Mechanisms of Harm to Human Health (p. 99)
1.3 The Scale of the Problem (p. 99)
2 Human Health Syndromes (p. 99)
2.1 Shellfish Poisoning (p. 99)
2.2 Causative Organisms and Toxins (p. 100)
2.2.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) (p. 100)
2.2.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) (p. 101)
2.2.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) (p. 102)
2.2.4 Other Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins (LSTs) (p. 103)
2.2.5 Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) (p. 104)
2.3 Respiratory Illness (p. 105)
2.4 Fish Vectored Illness (p. 105)
2.5 Cyano bacteria (p. 106)
2.6 The Role of Harmful Phytoplankton in Influencing Human Wellbeing (p. 106)
2.6.1 Microfiagellates (p. 107)
2.6.2 Other Dinoflagellates (p. 107)
2.6.3 Diatoms (p. 108)
3 Harmful Algal Blooms in UK Coastal Waters (p. 108)
3.1 Shellfish Poisoning (p. 108)
3.1.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) (p. 109)
3.1.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) (p. 110)
3.1.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) (p. 111)
3.1.4 Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP) (p. 111)
3.2 Other Harmful Phytoplankton in UK Waters (p. 111)
3.2.1 Karenia mikimotoi (p. 111)
3.2.2 Other Dinoflagellates (p. 112)
3.2.3 Phaeocystis (p. 112)
3.2.4 Microfiagellates (p. 112)
3.2.5 Diatoms and Silicoflagellates (p. 113)
3.2.6 Other Species of Pelagic Microplankton (p. 113)
4 Safeguarding Health (p. 113)
4.1 Monitoring (p. 113)
4.2 Are Algal Toxins a Public Health Problem? (p. 116)
4.3 Early Warning Methodologies and Mitigation (p. 117)
4.4 Introductions and Transfers of New Species (p. 119)
4.5 Climate Change (p. 120)
Acknowledgements (p. 121)
References (p. 121)
Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs (p. 128)
1 Introduction (p. 129)
2 Key Science Challenges for Marine Environment and Human Health (p. 135)
2.1 Linking Ecosystem Integrity, Ecosystem Services and Human Health (p. 135)
2.2 Sustainable Industrial Development (p. 136)
2.3 Understanding and Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Change (p. 137)
2.4 Better Prediction Systems for Natural Disasters (p. 137)
2.5 Understanding the Distribution and Risks of Marine Biogenic Toxins (Algal Toxins) (p. 138)
2.6 Identifying and Reducing Viral and Bacterial Pathogens from Sewage and Agricultural Run-Off (p. 139)
2.7 Understanding Emerging Risks (e.g. Nanoparticulates from Industrial and Domestic Use) (p. 139)
2.8 Conventional Chemical Inputs (Industrial, Domestic, Agricultural and Road Run-Off), including Personal Care Products, Disinfectants, Pharmaceuticals, Novel Chemicals and Radionuclides (p. 141)
2.9 Endocrine Disruption (p. 143)
2.10 Pharmaceuticals from the Sea (p. 144)
2.11 The Marine Environment as a Health and Wellbeing Resource: the 'Blue Gym' Effect (p. 144)
3 Public Health Needs (p. 144)
3.1 Health-Related Indices of Environmental Impact (p. 144)
3.2 Seafood Safety (p. 145)
3.3 Environmental, Social and Economic Interactions (Quality of Governance, Overpopulation and Sustaining Critical Coastal Ecosystems) (p. 145)
3.4 Modelling - Need for an Integrated Approach in the Development of Effective Environmental and Public Health Policies on a Regional and Global Scale (p. 146)
4 Policy Needs (p. 146)
5 Discussion (p. 150)
6 Conclusions and Recommendations (p. 152)
References (p. 158)
Subject Index (p. 164)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

The series has been edited by Professors Hester and Harrison since it began in 1994.

Professor Roy Harrison OBE is listed by ISI Thomson Scientific (on ISI Web of Knowledge) as a Highly Cited Researcher in the Environmental Science/Ecology category. He has an h-index of 54 (i.e. 54 of his papers have received 54 or more citations in the literature). In 2004 he was appointed OBE for services to environmental science in the New Year Honours List. He was profiled by the Journal of Environmental Monitoring (Vol 5, pp 39N-41N, 2003). Professor Harrison's research interests lie in the field of environment and human health. His main specialism is in air pollution, from emissions through atmospheric chemical and physical transformations to exposure and effects on human health. Much of this work is designed to inform the development of policy.

Now an emeritus professor, Professor Ron Hester's current activities in chemistry are mainly as an editor and as an external examiner and assessor. He also retains appointments as external examiner and assessor / adviser on courses, individual promotions, and departmental / subject area evaluations both in the UK and abroad.