Auditory perception : an analysis and synthesis / Richard M. Warren.

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

This revised and updated third edition describes the nature of sound, how sound is analyzed by the auditory system, and the rules and principles governing our interpretation of auditory input. It covers many topics including sound and the auditory system, locating sound sources, the basis for loudness judgments, perception of acoustic sequences, perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds, speech production and perception, and the relation of hearing to perception in general. Whilst keeping the consistent style of the previous editions, many new features have been added, including suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, a section on functional imaging of the brain, expanded information on pitch and infrapitch, and additional coverage of speech processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in auditory perception, behavioral sciences, psychology, neurobiology, architectural acoustics, and the hearing sciences will find this book an excellent guide.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. xii)
• 1 Sound and the auditory system (p. 1)
• The nature of auditory stimuli (p. 1)
• Our auditory apparatus (p. 5)
• The outer ear and the middle ear (p. 5)
• Structure of the inner ear (p. 9)
• Neural structures and auditory pathways (p. 13)
• Mechanics for stimulation within the inner ear (p. 16)
• The auditory-acoustic paradox: excellent discrimination from a poor instrument (p. 22)
• Electrophysiological response of the cochlea and peripheral neural apparatus (p. 23)
• The resting potential (p. 23)
• The summating potential (p. 23)
• The cochlear microphonic (p. 24)
• Whole-nerve action potential (p. 25)
• Single-unit receptor potentials (p. 25)
• Single-unit generator potentials (p. 26)
• Action potentials of auditory nerve fibers (p. 27)
• Investigation of human cortical function (p. 31)
• fMRI (p. 31)
• PET (p. 32)
• EEG and MEG (p. 33)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 34)
• 2 Spatial localization and binaural hearing (p. 35)
• Binaural perception of azimuth (p. 36)
• Minimal audible angle (p. 40)
• Binaural beats (p. 41)
• Detection of interatural delays for clicks and for complex sounds (p. 42)
• Contralateral induction (p. 45)
• Masking level differences (p. 48)
• Two types of temporal disparity (p. 50)
• Time-intensity trading (p. 51)
• Some cautions concerning interpretation of studies using headphones (p. 52)
• Importance of the pinnae in sound localization (p. 52)
• Room acoustics (p. 56)
• Auditory reorientation (p. 57)
• Estimates of distance from the source (p. 59)
• Sensory input and physical correlates (p. 63)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 63)
• 3 Perception of acoustic repetition: pitch and infrapitch (p. 64)
• Terminology (p. 64)
• Classical pitch studies (p. 65)
• Masking (p. 69)
• Critical bands (p. 72)
• Comodulation and masking reduction (p. 72)
• Place theory of pitch (p. 74)
• Periodicity theory of pitch (p. 75)
• Schouten's residue pitch (p. 76)
• Pitch of inharmonic complexes (p. 77)
• Spectral dominance (p. 79)
• Complex tones and local temporal patterns on the basilar membrane (p. 79)
• Use of special versus model periodic stimuli (p. 82)
• Iterated noise segments as representative or model periodic sounds (p. 83)
• Pitch and infrapitch iterance (p. 85)
• Echo pitch and infrapitch echo (p. 91)
• Periodic signals with alternating polarity (p. 95)
• Pitches produced by dichotic interactions (p. 101)
• Ear dominance for perception of pitch (p. 102)
• Musical pitch and musical infraptich (rhythm) (p. 102)
• Deviations from strict periodicity in the pitch range (p. 103)
• Some models for the pitch of complex tones (p. 104)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 105)
• 4 Judging auditory magnitudes: the sone scale of loudness and the mel scale of pitch (p. 107)
• Sensory input and perception (p. 107)
• The history of loudness measurement (p. 108)
• Loudness judgments and their relation to auditory localization: the physical correlate theory (p. 111)
• 1 Equivalence of half-loudness and twice distance estimates (p. 113)
• 2 Loudness and the inverse square law (p. 113)
• 3 Effects of reverberation on loudness functions (p. 117)
• 4 Loudness of self-generated sound (p. 119)
• 5 A new physical correlate can result in a new loudness scale (p. 121)
• The mel scale of pitch magnitude (p. 122)
• Some conclusions and inferences (p. 124)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 125)
• 5 Perception of acoustic sequences (p. 126)
• Rate at which component sounds occur in speech and music (p. 126)
• Identification of components and their order (p. 127)
• Identification of the order of components for extended sequences of unrelated sounds and for steady-state phonemes (p. 129)
• Identification of order within tonal sequences (p. 130)
• Limits of stream segregation as an explanatory principle (p. 131)
• Identification of order and verbal labeling (p. 131)
• Need for verbal labeling for serial order retention in memory experiments (p. 133)
• Identification of patterns without discrimination of order: global pattern recognition (p. 134)
• Extent of temporal mismatch permitting global pattern recognition (p. 136)
• Should practiced or unpracticed subjects be used in sequence experiments? (p. 138)
• A comparison of global pattern recognition with identification of the order of components (p. 138)
• Perception of tonal sequences and melodies (p. 142)
• Acoustic sequences as unresolved "temporal compounds" (p. 146)
• Linguistic temporal compounds formed by repeating sequences of brief steady-state vowels (p. 146)
• Identification of components and their orders and global pattern recognition for dichotomous patterns (p. 147)
• Global pattern recognition in animals other than humans (p. 147)
• Conclusions (p. 149)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 149)
• 6 Perceptual restoration of missing sounds (p. 150)
• Temporal induction (p. 151)
• Homophonic continuity (p. 151)
• Heterophonic continuity (p. 152)
• The roll effect as tonal restoration (p. 156)
• Durational limits for illusory continuity (p. 156)
• Reciprocal changes in inducer and inducee (p. 156)
• Alternating levels of the same sound: some anomalous effects observed for the higher level sound in the homophonic induction of tones (p. 159)
• Differences in the homophonic induction of tone and noise (p. 160)
• Binaural release from temporal induction (p. 161)
• Temporal induction of dynamic signals (p. 161)
• Temporal induction of tonal frequency glides (p. 161)
• Temporal induction of speech: phonemic restoration (p. 162)
• Apparent continuity of speech produced by insertion of noise into multiple gaps (p. 164)
• Increase in intelligibility produced by insertion of noise into multiple temporal gaps (p. 166)
• Temporal induction in cats and monkeys (p. 169)
• Spectral restoration (p. 170)
• Masking and unmasking (p. 172)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 172)
• 7 Speech (p. 174)
• Speech production (p. 174)
• The subglottal system (p. 175)
• The larynx (p. 176)
• The vocal tract and articulation of speech sounds (p. 178)
• Visual representation of speech sounds (p. 183)
• Intelligibility of sentences heard through narrow spectral slits (p. 186)
• Intelligibilities of passbands heard singly and together (p. 189)
• The protean phoneme (p. 190)
• Are phonemes perceptual units? (p. 194)
• The alphabet and the phoneme (p. 194)
• Illiterate adults cannot segment phonetically (p. 195)
• Ability to segment phonetically and reading ability are related in children (p. 196)
• Cues for identifying phonemes and characterizing letters (p. 197)
• Phonemes in speech are not perceived, but are inferred (p. 198)
• "Restored" and "real" phonemes are perceptually equivalent (p. 198)
• Identification of syllables and words precedes identification of constituent phonemes (p. 198)
• Obligatory transformation of brief steady-state phonemes into syllables and words: the vowel-sequence illusion (p. 199)
• Implications of the vowel-sequence illusion for theories of aphasia (p. 202)
• Perceptual changes occurring during repetition of syllables and words (p. 203)
• Verbal and visual satiation (p. 203)
• Verbal transformations (p. 205)
• Identifying lexical neighbors using verbal transformations (p. 208)
• Dichotic verbal transformations (p. 209)
• The relation between production and perception of speech: organization above the lexical level (p. 211)
• Skilled storage and delayed perceptual organization of speech (p. 211)
• Speech errors in everyday life (p. 213)
• Syllable recognition by nonhuman species (p. 214)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 215)
• 8 The relation of hearing to perception in general (p. 216)
• Multimodal perception (p. 216)
• Interaction of vision with senses other than hearing (p. 216)
• Interaction of vision and hearing in speech perception (p. 217)
• Perceptual resolution of conflicting visual and auditory information concerning speech (p. 218)
• Multimodal sensory control of speech production (p. 219)
• General perceptual rules and modality-specific rules (p. 220)
• 1 Sensory input is interpreted in terms of familiar causative agents or events, and not in terms of the manner and nature of neural stimulation (p. 220)
• 2 Perceptual changes occur during exposure to an unchanging stimulus pattern (p. 221)
• 3 Prior stimulation influences perceptual criteria (p. 222)
• Suggestions for further reading (p. 224)
• References (p. 225)
• Index (p. 256)

Author notes provided by Syndetics