The artist's complete guide to drawing the head / William L. Maughan.

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

In this innovative guide, master art instructor William Maughan demonstrates how to create a realistic human likeness by using the classic and highly accurate modeling technique of chiaroscuro (Italian for "light and dark") developed by Leonardo da Vinci during the High Renaissance.

Maughan first introduces readers to the basics of this centuries-old technique, showing how to analyze form, light, and shadow; use dark pencil, white pencil, and toned paper to create a full range of values; use the elements of design to enhance a likeness; and capture a sitter's gestures and proportions. He then demonstrates, step by step, how to draw each facial feature, develop visual awareness, and render the head in color with soft pastels.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. 10)
• Introduction: The Drawing Method and Materials (p. 13)
• Chiaroscuro (p. 14)
• Sfumato (p. 15)
• The Materials (p. 16)
• Substitute Materials (p. 16)
• Working with the Pencil (p. 17)
• Drawing Shadow Shapes (p. 18)
• Sharpening the Pencil (p. 18)
• Chapter 1 Principles of Chiaroscuro (p. 21)
• Line Versus Value (p. 22)
• "Lost-and-Found" Line (p. 23)
• Value and Form (p. 24)
• Paper + Two Pencils = A Full-Value Range (p. 25)
• The Shadow Shapes and Their Edges (p. 26)
• Form-Shadows (p. 26)
• Cast-Shadows (p. 26)
• The Shadow Edges (p. 28)
• The Form in Light (p. 29)
• Analyzing Form (p. 30)
• Negative Shapes (p. 33)
• Chapter 2 Principles of Drawing the Head (p. 35)
• Two Masses of Light and Shadow (p. 36)
• Lighting the Head (p. 37)
• Artificial and Natural Light (p. 38)
• Light Advances; Dark Recedes (p. 38)
• Single Focal Point (p. 43)
• Perspective and the Three-Quarter View (p. 45)
• Perspective (p. 45)
• Planes of the Head (p. 47)
• Foreshortening (p. 48)
• Value Pattern (p. 52)
• Addressing the Background (p. 53)
• Chapter 3 The Drawing Process, Step-By-Step (p. 55)
• Sculpting the Head (p. 56)
• Gesture (p. 57)
• The Tilt (p. 59)
• Proportions (p. 60)
• Placing the Features (p. 62)
• The Anatomy of the Eyes (p. 65)
• The Orbicular Cavity (p. 65)
• The Natural Slants of the Eye (p. 67)
• The Eyelids, Pupil, and Iris (p. 68)
• Positions of the Eyes (p. 69)
• Drawing the Eyes (p. 70)
• Highlights on the Eyes (p. 72)
• Using the Paper Value (p. 75)
• Examples of Eyes (p. 76)
• Nose and Mouth (p. 82)
• The Structure of the Nose and Mouth (p. 84)
• Examples of the Nose and Mouth (p. 86)
• Ears (p. 94)
• Placement of the Ear (p. 95)
• Hair (p. 100)
• Troubleshooting Example (p. 105)
• Chapter 4 Putting it all Together (p. 107)
• The Five Essential Drawing Steps (p. 108)
• Review (p. 108)
• The Demonstrations (p. 109)
• Going Forward (p. 118)
• Practice Ideas (p. 118)
• Self-Critique (p. 121)
• Taking Your Skills to the Next Level (p. 121)
• Chapter 5 Drawing from Multiple Sources (p. 123)
• Combining References (p. 124)
• A Demonstration (p. 126)
• Examples of Composite Drawings (p. 128)
• Chapter 6 Working with Color (p. 133)
• From Drawing to Painting (p. 134)
• The Color "Wheel" (p. 136)
• Complementary Colors (p. 136)
• Color Intensity (p. 138)
• Mixing from the Tertiary Colors (p. 138)
• Color Temperature (p. 140)
• Color Relationships (p. 142)
• Warm Advances; Cool Recedes (p. 142)
• Family of Colors (p. 143)
• Expressive Color (p. 145)
• Pastel Painting (p. 148)
• The Materials (p. 149)
• Caring for Your Pastel (p. 150)
• Applying the Charcoal Pencil (p. 150)
• Applying the Tone (p. 150)
• Applying the Pastel (p. 151)
• Painting the Background (p. 152)
• Pastel Demonstration (p. 153)
• Pastel Demonstration Two (p. 156)
• Index (p. 160)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Artist William L. Maughan graduated from the Art Center College of Design with distinction in 1973. He began his career in commercial illustration in New York in 1974. He is also an accomplished fine artist in oil and pastel mediums, producing a wide range of paintings. His paintings are shown at the George Stern Fine Arts Gallery in West Los Angeles, California, and Di Tommaso Galleries in Scottsdale, Arizona, and are in private and museum collections. Maughan has taught advanced head drawing, portrait painting, and landscape painting since 1976 at the Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, California, and the Academy of Art College, San Francisco, California, where, since 1989, he has directed Graduate Studies in Fine Art Painting and Traditional Illustration. He lives in Napa, California