Membrane technology [electronic book] : a practical guide to membrane technology and applications in food and bioprocessing / [edited by] Z.F. Cui and H. S. Muralidhara.

Contributor(s):

Material type: Text

TextPublication details: Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, c2010.Description: xvi, 289 pISBN:

1856176320
9781856176323

Subject(s):

Membranes (Technology)

Genre/Form:

Electronic books.

Online resources:

ScienceDirect eBook

Contents:

Fundamentals of pressure-driven membrane separate processes / Z.F. Cui,Y. Jiang, R.W. Field -- Challenges of membrane technology in the XXI Century / H.S. Muralidhara -- Membrane processes in fruit juice processing / Allen Merry -- Membrane application in soy sauce processing / Yinhua Wan, Jinquan Luo, Zhanfeng Cui -- Application of membrane technology in vegetable oil processing / Abhay R. Ladhe, N.S. Krishna Kumar -- Membrane applications in monoclonal antibody production / Jim L. Davies, Martin P. Smith -- Membrame processes for the production of bulk fermentation products / Frank Lipnizki -- Membrane technologies for food processing waste treatment / Val S. Frenkel -- Practical aspects of membrane system design in food and bioprocessing applications / Bassam F. Jirjis, Susana Luque -- Membrane fouling and cleaning in food and bioprocessing / Hongyu Li, Vicki Chen -- US Regulatory approcal of membrane technology / Joseph Scimeca.

Summary: Membrane technology is a rapidly developing area, with key growth accross the process sector, including biotech separation and biomedical applications (e.g. haemodialysis, artificial lungs), through to large scale industrial applications in the water and waste-water processing and the food and drink industries. As processes mature, and the cost of membranes continues to dramatically reduce, so their applications and use are set to expand. Process engineers need access to the latest information in this area to assist with their daily work and to help to develop and apply new and ever more efficient liquid processing solutions. This book covers the latest technologies and applications, with contributions from leading figures in the field. Throughout, the emphasis is on delivering solutions to practitioners. Real world case studies and data from leading organizations -- including Cargill, Lilly, Microbach, ITT -- mean this book delivers the latest solutions as well as a critical working reference to filtration and separation professionals.

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Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

This book covers the latest technologies and applications, with contributions from leading figures in the field. Throughout, the emphasis is on delivering solutions to practitioners. Real world case studies and data from leading organizations -- including Cargill, Lilly, Microbach, ITT -- mean this book delivers the latest solutions as well as a critical working reference to filtration and separation professionals.

Includes index.

Membrane technology is a rapidly developing area, with key growth accross the process sector, including biotech separation and biomedical applications (e.g. haemodialysis, artificial lungs), through to large scale industrial applications in the water and waste-water processing and the food and drink industries. As processes mature, and the cost of membranes continues to dramatically reduce, so their applications and use are set to expand. Process engineers need access to the latest information in this area to assist with their daily work and to help to develop and apply new and ever more efficient liquid processing solutions. This book covers the latest technologies and applications, with contributions from leading figures in the field. Throughout, the emphasis is on delivering solutions to practitioners. Real world case studies and data from leading organizations -- including Cargill, Lilly, Microbach, ITT -- mean this book delivers the latest solutions as well as a critical working reference to filtration and separation professionals.

Electronic reproduction. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Web browser. Title from title screen (viewed on Aug. 4, 2010). Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

Preface (p. xi)
About the Editors (p. xiii)
About the Contributors (p. xv)
1 Fundamentals of Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Processes (p. 1)
1.1 Introduction (p. 1)
1.2 Processes (p. 2)
1.2.1 Process Classification (p. 2)
1.2.2 Definitions (p. 3)
1.3 Membranes (p. 5)
1.3.1 Membrane Structures (p. 5)
1.3.2 Membrane Materials (p. 6)
1.3.3 Membrane Modules (p. 8)
1.4 Operation (p. 8)
1.4.1 Concentration Polarization (p. 8)
1.4.2 Membrane Fouling (p. 12)
1.5 Prediction and Enhancement of Permeate Flux (p. 13)
1.5.1 Flux Prediction Models (p. 13)
1.5.2 Flux Enhancement and Fouling Control (p. 16)
1.6 Summary (p. 18)
Further Readings (p. 18)
2 Challenges of Membrane Technology in the XXI Century (p. 19)
2.1 History Overview (p. 19)
2.2 Membrane Industry (p. 23)
2.3 Current Challenges of Membrane Technology (p. 25)
2.4 Emerging Applications and Hybrid Processes (p. 28)
2.5 Summary (p. 32)
References (p. 32)
3 Membrane Processes in Fruit Juice Processing (p. 33)
3.1 Introduction (p. 33)
3.2 Clarification (p. 33)
3.2.1 Apple (p. 35)
3.2.2 Other Juices (p. 38)
3.2.3 Concentration (p. 39)
3.2.4 Special Applications (p. 42)
References (p. 43)
4 Membrane Application in Soy Sauce Processing (p. 45)
4.1 Introduction (p. 45)
4.2 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration for Sterilization and Clarification of Soy Sauce (p. 47)
4.2.1 Membrane Selection (p. 47)
4.2.2 Optimization of Process Parameters (p. 51)
4.2.3 Industrial Application of Soy Sauce Ultrafiltration (p. 52)
4.3 Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration for Desalination and Decoloration of Soy Sauce (p. 53)
4.3.1 Performance of Different Membranes (p. 54)
4.3.2 Effect of Operating Conditions (p. 55)
4.3.3 A Pilot-Plant Test (p. 55)
4.4 Membrane Fouling and Regeneration (p. 58)
4.5 Summary (p. 60)
Acknowledgments (p. 61)
References (p. 61)
5 Application of Membrane Technology in Vegetable Oil Processing (p. 63)
5.1 Introduction (p. 63)
5.2 Membrane-Based Applications in Vegetable Oil Processing (p. 65)
5.2.1 Degumming (p. 66)
5.2.2 Deacidification (p. 70)
5.2.3 Bleaching (p. 73)
5.2.4 Dewaxing (p. 73)
5.2.5 Vegetable Oil Hydrogenation Catalyst Recovery and Reuse (p. 73)
5.2.6 Other General Applications in Oilseed Processing (p. 74)
5.3 Conclusion (p. 75)
Abbreviations (p. 75)
References (p. 76)
6 Membrane Applications in Monoclonal Antibody Production (p. 79)
6.1 Introduction (p. 80)
6.1.1 Monoclonal Antibody Purification Overview (p. 80)
6.1.2 Membrane Operations in Monoclonal Antibody Production (p. 81)
6.1.3 The Future of use of Membranes (p. 82)
6.2 Direct Filtration for Particle Reduction (p. 82)
6.2.1 Modeling of Pore Blockage (p. 82)
6.2.2 Membrane Filtration of Process Buffers (p. 83)
6.2.3 Using Membranes as Column Guard Filters (p. 85)
6.2.4 Intermediate Product Filtration (p. 86)
6.3 Tangential Flow Filtration (p. 86)
6.3.1 Primary Separation by Microfiltration (p. 87)
6.3.2 Ultrafiltration (p. 89)
6.3.3 Scale-Up and Membrane Reuse (p. 95)
6.3.4 Tangential Flow Filtration in Summary (p. 97)
6.4 Virus Reduction Filtration (p. 97)
6.4.1 Introduction (p. 97)
6.4.2 Filter Sizing (p. 98)
6.4.3 Virus Clearance Studies (p. 98)
6.4.4 Flux-Decay Profiles (p. 99)
6.4.5 Location of Virus Filter Within a Purification Process (p. 100)
6.4.6 Modeling Filtration Throughput (p. 100)
6.4.7 Assessing Virus Clearance (p. 102)
6.4.8 Balancing Practical Filtration Area, Process Economics and LRV (p. 104)
6.4.9 Conclusions (p. 107)
6.5 New Techniques for Membranes in Antibody Manufacture (p. 107)
6.5.1 Tangential Flow Filtration (p. 107)
6.5.2 Membrane Adsorbers (p. 115)
6.5.3 Conclusions (p. 118)
6.6 Summary (p. 119)
References (p. 119)
7 Membrane Processes for the Production of Bulk Fermentation Products (p. 121)
7.1 Introduction (p. 121)
7.2 Antibiotics (p. 125)
7.2.1 Special Section: Diafiltration (p. 129)
7.3 Enzymes (p. 131)
7.4 Organic Acids (p. 135)
7.4.1 Acetic Acid (p. 135)
7.4.2 Citric Acid (p. 137)
7.4.3 Lactic Acid (p. 137)
7.5 Amino Acids (p. 138)
7.5.1 Glutamic Acid (p. 139)
7.5.2 Lysine (p. 139)
7.6 Vitamins (p. 140)
7.6.1 Vitamin C (p. 140)
7.7 Biopolymers (p. 142)
7.7.1 Xanthan Gum (p. 142)
7.8 Yeast (p. 144)
7.8.1 Baker's Yeast (p. 144)
7.8.2 Yeast Extract (p. 146)
7.9 Water and Wastewater in the Bulk Biotech Industry (p. 148)
7.10 Outlook (p. 149)
References (p. 151)
8 Membrane Technologies for Food Processing Waste Treatment (p. 155)
8.1 Introduction (p. 155)
8.2 Overview of Membrane Technology (p. 156)
8.3 Application of Membrane Technology in Food Processing Waste Treatment (p. 158)
8.3.1 Membrane Bioreactors for Food Processing Waste Treatment (p. 159)
8.4 Membranes for Food Processing Wastewater Reuse (p. 159)
8.4.1 Membrane Versus Conventional Wastewater Treatment for Food Processing Waste Treatment and Wastewater Resue (p. 160)
8.4.2 Methodology for Treating Food Processing Wastes (p. 163)
8.4.3 Regulatory Aspects of Food Processing Effluent Treatment (p. 169)
8.5 Case Examples (p. 172)
8.6 Food Processor (p. 173)
8.6.1 Restaurant (p. 174)
8.6.2 Olive Processing Facility (p. 174)
8.6.3 Squid Processing Plant (p. 175)
8.7 Summary (p. 176)
References (p. 177)
9 Practical Aspects of Membrane System Design in Food and Bioprocessing Applications (p. 179)
9.1 Introduction (p. 180)
9.2 Membrane Performance Characterization (p. 181)
9.3 Selection of the Membrane Process and Membrane Type (p. 183)
9.3.1 Membrane Screening (p. 183)
9.3.2 Bench-Scale Testing (p. 186)
9.3.3 Pilot Testing (p. 189)
9.4 Feed Pretreatment (p. 193)
9.5 Designing a Full-Scale Membrane System (p. 195)
9.5.1 Batch versus Continuous Operation (p. 196)
9.5.2 Modes of Operation (p. 196)
9.5.3 System Operation Control (p. 198)
9.6 Calculating Membrane Surface Area (p. 200)
9.6.1 Feed Spacer Design (p. 201)
9.7 Estimating the Cost of a Membrane System (p. 203)
9.7.1 Membrane Elements (p. 205)
9.7.2 Membrane Performance Changes, Cleaning, and Membrane Lifetime (p. 205)
9.7.3 Number of Elements in Housing (p. 206)
9.7.4 Membrane Housings and Skids (p. 206)
9.7.5 Storage Tanks and Transfer Tanks (p. 207)
9.7.6 Pumps for the Membrane Skids (p. 207)
9.8 Economic Evaluation (p. 208)
9.9 Summary: Step by Step Recommendation for Membrane System Design (p. 210)
References (p. 211)
10 Membrane Fouling and Cleaning in Food and Bioprocessing (p. 213)
10.1 Introduction (p. 213)
10.2 Membrane Fouling in Food and Bioprocessing (p. 216)
10.2.1 Factors Affecting Membrane Fouling (p. 217)
10.3 Membrane Cleaning (p. 224)
10.3.1 Physical Cleaning (p. 224)
10.3.2 Chemical Cleaning (p. 225)
10.3.3 Cleaning Mechanisms of Common Chemicals (p. 227)
10.3.4 Design of Cleaning Protocols (p. 232)
10.3.5 Evaluation of Cleaning Efficiency (p. 234)
10.3.6 Examples of Cleaning Agents for Specific Applications (p. 235)
10.3.7 Factors Influencing Membrane Cleaning Efficiency (p. 239)
10.4 Modeling of Cleaning Mechanisms (p. 246)
10.5 Current Trends and Challenges (p. 247)
Acknowledgment (p. 248)
References (p. 248)
11 US Regulatory Approval of Membrane Technology (p. 255)
11.1 Introduction (p. 255)
11.2 US Regulatory Approval (p. 256)
11.2.1 Regulatory Framework: General (p. 256)
11.2.2 Food Contact Regulation (p. 257)
11.2.3 Feed Additive Regulation (p. 261)
11.3 Achieving US Legal/Regulatory Compliance (p. 261)
11.3.1 Approval Under an Existing Regulation (p. 261)
11.3.2 Prior to Choosing the Regulatory Pathway (p. 262)
11.3.3 Choosing the Regulatory Pathway (p. 263)
11.3.4 GMP and Regulatory Compliance (p. 270)
11.4 Concluding Remarks (p. 271)
References (p. 271)
Index (p. 273)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Z. F. Cui Professor and Chair of Chemical Engineering, Oxford University, UK
H. S. Muralidhara Previously Vice President, Manager Process Technology, Corporate Plant Operation, Cargill Corporation, USA