Power System Engineering : Planning, Design, and Operation of Power Systems and Equipment / Juergen Schlabbach, Karl-Heinz Rofalski.

By:

Schlabbach, Juergen

Contributor(s):

Rofalski, Karl-Heinz

Material type: Text

TextPublication details: Germany Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh 2008.Description: xii, 337 p. : ill. ; 25 cmISBN:

9783527407590
3527407596

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

621.31 SCH

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Standard Loan	Moylish Library Main Collection	621.31 SCH (Browse shelf(Opens below))	1	Available		39002100343376

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Describing in detail how electrical power systems are planned and designed, this monograph illustrates the required structures of systems, substations and equipment using international standards and latest computer methods.
The book discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different arrangements within switchyards and of the topologies of the power systems, describing methods to determine the main design parameters of cables, overhead lines, and transformers needed to realize the supply task, as well as the influence of environmental conditions on the design and the permissible loading of the equipment. Additionally, general requirements for protection schemes and the main schemes related to the various protection tasks are given.
With its focus on the requirements and procedures of tendering and project contracting, this book enables the reader to adapt the basics of power systems and equipment design to special tasks and engineering projects.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

Foreword (p. XI)
1 Introduction (p. 1)
1.1 Reliability, Security, Economy (p. 1)
1.2 Legal, Political and Social Restrictions (p. 2)
1.3 Needs for Power System Planning (p. 4)
1.4 Basic, Development and Project Planning (p. 5)
1.4.1 Basic Planning (p. 5)
1.4.2 System Development Planning (p. 5)
1.4.3 Project Planning (p. 7)
1.5 Instruments for Power System Planning (p. 7)
1.6 Further Tasks of Power System Engineering (p. 10)
2 Power System Load (p. 11)
2.1 General (p. 11)
2.2 Load Forecast with Load Increase Factors (p. 12)
2.3 Load Forecast with Economic Characteristic Data (p. 13)
2.4 Load Forecast with Estimated Values (p. 14)
2.5 Load Forecast with Specific Loads and Degrees of Electrification (p. 14)
2.6 Load Forecast with Standardized Load Curves (p. 17)
2.7 Typical Time Course of Power System Load (p. 20)
3 Planning Principles and Planning Criteria (p. 23)
3.1 Planning Principles (p. 23)
3.2 Basics of Planning (p. 26)
3.3 Planning Criteria (p. 30)
3.3.1 Voltage Band According to IEC 60038 (p. 30)
3.3.2 Voltage Criteria (p. 31)
3.3.3 Loading Criteria (p. 33)
3.3.4 Stability Criteria (p. 34)
4 Economic Consideration and Loss Evaluation (p. 37)
4.1 Present Value and Annuity Method (p. 37)
4.2 Evaluation of Losses (p. 38)
4.2.1 Energy Losses (p. 39)
4.2.2 Power Losses (p. 40)
5 Topologies of Electrical Power Systems (p. 45)
5.1 Development of Power Systems (p. 45)
5.2 Recommended Voltage Levels (p. 47)
5.3 Topology of Power Systems (p. 48)
5.3.1 Radial Systems (p. 48)
5.3.2 Ring-Main Systems (p. 50)
5.3.3 Meshed Systems at HV and MV Levels (p. 62)
5.3.4 Meshed Systems at the LV Level (p. 65)
5.4 Special Operating Considerations (p. 67)
6 Arrangement in Gridstations and Substations (p. 69)
6.1 Busbar Arrangements (p. 69)
6.1.1 General (p. 69)
6.1.2 Single Busbar without Separation (p. 69)
6.1.3 Single Busbar with Sectionalizer (p. 71)
6.1.4 Special H-Arrangement (p. 71)
6.1.5 Double Busbar Arrangement (p. 72)
6.1.6 Double Busbar with Reserve Busbar (p. 73)
6.2 Arrangement in Switchyards (p. 74)
6.2.1 Breakers and Switches (p. 74)
6.2.2 Incoming and Outgoing Feeders (p. 75)
6.2.3 Current Transformers (p. 75)
6.2.4 Voltage Transformers (p. 78)
7 Transformers (p. 81)
7.1 General (p. 81)
7.2 Utilization and Construction of Transformers (p. 81)
7.2.1 Utilization of Transformers (p. 81)
7.2.2 Oil-Immersed Transformers and Dry-Type Transformers (p. 83)
7.2.3 Characteristic Data of Transformers (p. 86)
7.3 Operation of Transformers (p. 86)
7.3.1 Voltage Drop (p. 86)
7.3.2 Permissible Loading of Transformer Neutral (p. 88)
7.4 Thermal Permissible Loading (p. 88)
7.4.1 Temperature Models (p. 88)
7.4.2 Maximum Permissible Loading of Oil-Immersed Transformers (p. 95)
7.4.3 Maximal Permissible Loading of Dry-Type Transformers (p. 102)
7.5 Economical Operation of Transformers (p. 105)
7.6 Short-Circuit Strength (p. 106)
8 Cable Systems (p. 111)
8.1 General (p. 111)
8.2 Construction Details (p. 112)
8.3 Electrical Parameters of Cables (p. 114)
8.4 Losses and Permissible Current (p. 115)
8.4.1 General (p. 115)
8.4.2 Calculation of Losses (p. 118)
8.4.3 Soil Characteristics (p. 120)
8.4.4 Thermal Resistances of Cables (p. 123)
8.4.5 Calculation according to VDE 0276-1000 (p. 124)
8.4.6 Determination of Maximal Permissible Loading by Computer Programs (p. 126)
8.5 Planning and Design of Cable Routes and Trenches (p. 127)
8.5.1 Coordination with Other Cables and Pipes (p. 127)
8.5.2 Effect of Thermally Unfavorable Areas (p. 129)
8.5.3 Influence of Other Parameters (p. 130)
8.6 Short-Circuit Withstand Capability (p. 132)
8.6.1 General (p. 132)
8.6.2 Rating of Cable Screens (p. 134)
9 Overhead Lines (p. 137)
9.1 General (p. 137)
9.2 Permissible Loading (Thermal) Current (p. 137)
9.2.1 Design Limits (p. 137)
9.2.2 Losses (p. 138)
9.2.3 Heating by Solar Radiation (p. 140)
9.2.4 Heat Dissipation by Radiation and Convection (p. 142)
9.2.5 Examples for Permissible Thermal Loading (p. 145)
9.3 Electric Field Strength (p. 145)
9.4 Sag, Tensions and Minimum Distances (p. 148)
9.4.1 Minimal Length of Insulation (p. 148)
9.4.2 Conductor Sag and Span Length (p. 150)
9.5 Short-Circuit Thermal Withstand Strength (p. 151)
9.6 Right-of-way (ROW) and Tower Arrangement (p. 153)
9.7 Cost Estimates (p. 156)
10 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) (p. 159)
10.1 Basics of Transmission of Power through Lines (p. 159)
10.2 Parallel Compensation of Lines (p. 163)
10.3 Serial Compensation of Lines (p. 165)
10.4 Phase-Shifting Equipment (p. 166)
10.5 Improvement of Stability (p. 168)
11 Load-Flow and Short-Circuit Current Calculation (p. 173)
11.1 Load-Flow Calculation (p. 173)
11.2 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents (p. 175)
11.2.1 General (p. 175)
11.2.2 Initial Short-Circuit Current (AC) (p. 179)
11.2.3 Peak Short-Circuit Current (p. 179)
11.2.4 Symmetrical Short-Circuit Breaking Current (p. 182)
11.2.5 Steady-State Short-Circuit Current (p. 183)
11.2.6 Influence of Synchronous and Asynchronous Motors (p. 183)
11.3 Short-Circuit Withstand Capability (p. 185)
11.4 Limitation of Short-Circuit Currents (p. 187)
11.4.1 General (p. 187)
11.4.2 Measures in Power Systems (p. 188)
11.4.3 Measures in Installations and Switchgear Arrangement (p. 193)
11.4.4 Measures Concerning Equipment (p. 199)
12 Connection of "Green-Energy" Generation to Power Systems (p. 205)
12.1 General (p. 205)
12.2 Conditions for System Connection (p. 208)
12.2.1 General (p. 208)
12.2.2 Short-Circuit Currents and Protective Devices (p. 209)
12.2.3 Reactive Power Compensation (p. 209)
12.2.4 Voltage Fluctuations and Voltage Increase (p. 210)
12.2.5 Harmonic and Interharmonic Currents and Voltages (p. 211)
12.2.6 Flicker (p. 213)
12.2.7 Voltage Unbalance (p. 214)
13 Protection of Equipment and Power System Installations (p. 217)
13.1 Faults and Disturbances (p. 217)
13.2 Criteria for Operation of Protection Devices (p. 218)
13.3 General Structure of Protective Systems; Transducers (p. 220)
13.4 Protection of Equipment (p. 222)
13.5 Protection of Lines (Overhead Lines and Cables) (p. 223)
13.5.1 General (p. 223)
13.5.2 Overcurrent Protection (p. 224)
13.5.3 Distance (Impedance) Protection (p. 226)
13.5.4 Differential Protection of Lines (p. 231)
13.5.5 Ground-Fault Protection (p. 231)
13.6 Protection of Transformers (p. 233)
13.6.1 General (p. 233)
13.6.2 Differential Protection (p. 233)
13.6.3 Overcurrent Protection, Distance Protection, Ground-Fault Protection (p. 234)
13.6.4 Buchholz Protection (p. 235)
13.7 Protection of Busbars (p. 236)
13.7.1 Current Criteria for Busbar Protection (p. 236)
13.7.2 Impedance Criteria for Busbar Protection (p. 237)
13.8 Protection of Other Equipment (p. 237)
13.9 Reference List of IEC-Symbols and ANSI-Code-Numbers (p. 237)
14 Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination (p. 239)
14.1 General; Definitions (p. 239)
14.2 Procedure of Insulation Coordination (p. 241)
14.3 Determination of the Representative Overvoltages (p. 242)
14.3.1 Continuous Power-Frequency Voltage and Temporary Overvoltages (p. 242)
14.3.2 Slow-Front Overvoltages (p. 243)
14.3.3 Fast-Front Overvoltages (p. 245)
14.4 Determination of the Coordination Withstand Voltage and the Required Withstand Voltage (p. 252)
14.5 Selection of the Rated Voltage (p. 254)
14.6 Application Example (p. 257)
15 Influence of Neutral Earthing on Single-Phase Short-Circuit Currents (p. 263)
15.1 General (p. 263)
15.2 Power System with Low-Impedance Earthing (p. 264)
15.3 Power System Having Earthing with Current Limitation (p. 268)
15.4 Power System with Isolated Neutral (p. 270)
15.5 Power System with Resonance Earthing (Petersen Coil) (p. 275)
15.5.1 General (p. 275)
15.5.2 Calculation of Displacement Voltage (p. 279)
15.5.3 Tuning of the Petersen Coil (p. 282)
15.6 Earthing of Neutrals on HV Side and LV Side of Transformers (p. 284)
16 Tendering and Contracting (p. 289)
16.1 General (Project Definition) (p. 289)
16.2 Terms of Reference (TOR) (p. 291)
16.2.1 Background (p. 291)
16.2.2 Objective (p. 291)
16.2.3 Scope of Engineering Activities (p. 292)
16.3 Project Funding (p. 293)
16.4 Form of Tendering (p. 293)
16.4.1 International Tendering (p. 294)
16.4.2 Prequalification (p. 294)
16.4.3 Short Listing (p. 295)
16.5 Planning and Design (p. 295)
16.6 Tender Structure (p. 297)
16.6.1 General (p. 297)
16.6.2 Tender Set-up (p. 298)
16.6.3 General Technical Specifications (p. 300)
16.7 Scope of Work and Supply (p. 308)
16.7.1 General (p. 308)
16.7.2 380kV Switchgear (p. 308)
16.7.3 123kV Switchgear (p. 309)
16.7.4 Transformers and Reactors (p. 309)
16.7.5 Telecommunication System (p. 310)
16.8 Technical Data Sheets (p. 310)
16.9 Tendering Period and Evaluation of Tender (p. 312)
16.9.1 Tendering Period (p. 312)
16.9.2 Bid Evaluation (p. 317)
16.10 Contracting (p. 317)
Appendix (p. 321)
References (p. 325)
Index (p. 331)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Karl-Heinz Rofalski has been working for more than thirty years as consulting engineer in a world-wide operating German consulting firm in the field of power transmission and distribution. He held the position of project director and manager and gained special knowledge and experience in network planning, design, procedures of tendering and contracting, project monitoring, overall project management in many power projects including assignments in various countries in Africa, the Arab regions and South-East Asia. After graduating from the engineering academy in Kassel/Germany he worked for AEG, one of the manufacturers of electrical equipment, for eight years, and became acquainted with electrical engineering standards and technology. Since 2001 he is active as freelance engineer and independent consultant.

Juergen Schlabbach holds a professorship in power system engineering and renewable energies at the University of Applied Sciences in Bielefeld, Germany. He studied at the Technical University of Darmstadt, where he received his Ph.D. on the topic of digital protection of power systems in 1982. For ten years, he worked in a consulting firm in the field of power system planning, disturbance analysis and design of FACTS. During several years in Arabian and Asian countries he advised local utilities in design, planning and operation of power systems and in organizational matters. Professor Schlabbach's areas of expertise are power system planning, grid connection of renewable energy, EMC and operational training. He also works as independent consulting engineer.