Digital telephony

By:

BELLAMY JOHN C

Material type: Text

TextSeries: WILEY SERIES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGPublication details: USA John Wiley Inc 2000Edition: 3rd edDescription: 670p., 229 x 159mm, Illustrations, hardbackISBN:

0471345717

Subject(s):

Contents:

Background and terminology; why digital; voice digitization; digital transmission and multiplexing; digital switching; digital modulation and radio systems; network synchronization control and management; fiber optic transmission systems; digital mobile telephony; data and asynchronous transfer mode networks; digital subscriber access; traffic analysis.

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Standard Loan	Thurles Library Main Collection	621.385 BEL (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Available		R07810KRCT
Standard Loan	Thurles Library Main Collection	621.385 BEL (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Available		R07811KRCT

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

From the reviews of the Second Edition . "The book stresses how systems operate and the rationale behind their design, rather than presenting rigorous analytical formulations . [It provides] the practicality and breadth essential to mastering the concepts of modern communications systems." -Telecommunication Journal In this expanded new edition of his bestselling book, telephony expert John Bellamy continues to provide telecommunications engineers with practical, comprehensive coverage of all aspects of digital telephone systems, while addressing the rapid changes the field has seen in recent years. Bellamy discusses the near-complete conversion to digital technology in telephone networks worldwide, examines both existing and emerging technologies, and explores the intricacies of carrying voice over data networks as well as the use of telephone networks for carrying data for Internet access. He emphasizes system design, implementation, and application, but also correlates the practice to communications theory. With 30 percent new material, Digital Telephony, Third Edition features:
* Clear explanations on how to overcome problems associated with the replacement of old analog technology with new digital technology
* A new chapter on digital mobile telephone technology
* New material on how, data networks support voice communication
* A new chapter on digital subscriber access technologies
* More than 300 graphs illustrating concepts
* Examples from the U.S. network as well as ITU public telephone networks

Explains the fundamentals of digital communications systems technology and their application to telephone networks. The text aims to bridge the gap between communications theory and the practical aspects of system design normally available only in technical trade publications.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

Preface (p. xvii)
Acknowledgment (p. xix)
Acronyms (p. xxi)
Chapter 1 Background and Terminology (p. 1)
1.1 Telecommunications Standard Organizations (p. 3)
1.2 The Analog Network Hierarchy (p. 5)
1.2.1 Bell System Hierarchy (p. 6)
1.2.2 Postdivestiture U.S. Network (p. 10)
1.2.3 Switching Systems (p. 12)
1.2.4 Transmission Systems (p. 18)
1.2.5 Pair-Gain Systems (p. 24)
1.2.6 FDM Multiplexing and Modulation (p. 26)
1.2.7 Wideband Transmission Media (p. 28)
1.2.8 Transmission Impairments (p. 33)
1.2.9 Power Levels (p. 41)
1.2.10 Signaling (p. 42)
1.2.11 Analog Interfaces (p. 46)
1.2.12 The Intelligent Network (p. 49)
1.2.13 Dynamic Nonhierarchical Routing (p. 51)
1.2.14 Cellular Radio Telephone System (p. 52)
1.2.15 Voiceband Data Transmission (p. 54)
1.3 The Introduction of Digits (p. 56)
1.3.1 Voice Digitization (p. 56)
1.3.2 Time Division Multiplexing (p. 58)
1.3.3 Data under Voice (p. 63)
1.3.4 Digital Microwave Radio (p. 64)
1.3.5 Fiber Optic Transmission (p. 65)
1.3.6 Digital Switching (p. 65)
1.3.7 Digital Network Evolution (p. 67)
References (p. 69)
Problems (p. 71)
Chapter 2 Why Digital? (p. 73)
2.1 Advantages of Digital Voice Networks (p. 73)
2.1.1 Ease of Multiplexing (p. 73)
2.1.2 Ease of Signaling (p. 74)
2.1.3 Use of Modern Technology (p. 75)
2.1.4 Integration of Transmission and Switching (p. 77)
2.1.5 Signal Regeneration (p. 78)
2.1.6 Performance Monitorability (p. 79)
2.1.7 Accommodation of Other Services (p. 80)
2.1.8 Operability at Low Signal-to-Noise/Interference Ratios (p. 80)
2.1.9 Ease of Encryption (p. 81)
2.2 Digital Signal Processing (p. 81)
2.2.1 DSP Applications (p. 82)
2.3 Disadvantages of Digital Voice Networks (p. 84)
2.3.1 Increased Bandwidth (p. 84)
2.3.2 Need for Time Synchronization (p. 85)
2.3.3 Topologically Restricted Multiplexing (p. 85)
2.3.4 Need for Conference/Extension Bridges (p. 86)
2.3.5 Incompatibilities with Analog Facilities (p. 87)
References (p. 88)
Chapter 3 Voice Digitization (p. 91)
3.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (p. 93)
3.1.1 Nyquist Sampling Rate (p. 94)
3.1.2 Foldover Distortion (p. 95)
3.2 Pulse Code Modulation (p. 98)
3.2.1 Quantization Noise (p. 99)
3.2.2 Idle Channel Noise (p. 102)
3.2.3 Uniformly Encoded PCM (p. 103)
3.2.4 Companding (p. 106)
3.2.5 Easily Digitally Linearizable Coding (p. 108)
3.2.6 Syllabic Companding (p. 116)
3.2.7 Adaptive Gain Encoding (p. 119)
3.3 Speech Redundancies (p. 121)
3.3.1 Nonuniform Amplitude Distributions (p. 122)
3.3.2 Sample-to-Sample Correlation (p. 122)
3.3.3 Cycle-to-Cycle Correlations (p. 122)
3.3.4 Pitch-Interval-to-Pitch-Interval Correlations (p. 123)
3.3.5 Inactivity Factors (p. 124)
3.3.6 Nonuniform Long-Term Spectral Densities (p. 124)
3.3.7 Short-Term Spectral Densities (p. 127)
3.4 Differential Pulse Code Modulation (p. 127)
3.4.1 DPCM Implementations (p. 129)
3.4.2 Higher Order Prediction (p. 131)
3.4.3 Adaptive Differential PCM (p. 131)
3.5 Delta Modulation (p. 133)
3.5.1 Slope Overload (p. 134)
3.6 Adaptive Predictive Coding (p. 136)
3.7 Subband Coding (p. 138)
3.8 Vocoders (p. 141)
3.8.1 Channel Vocoder (p. 142)
3.8.2 Formant Vocoder (p. 144)
3.8.3 Linear Predictive Coding (p. 144)
3.8.4 Enhanced-Excitation Linear Predictive Coding (p. 147)
3.9 Encoder/Decoder Selection Considerations (p. 151)
3.9.1 Voice Quality (p. 151)
3.9.2 Transparency for Nonvoice Signals (p. 152)
3.9.3 Tolerance of Transmission Errors (p. 153)
3.9.4 Delay (p. 154)
3.10 ITU-T Coding Standards (p. 154)
References (p. 155)
Problems (p. 158)
Chapter 4 Digital Transmission and Multiplexing (p. 161)
4.1 Pulse Transmission (p. 162)
4.1.1 Intersymbol Interference (p. 164)
4.1.2 Timing Inaccuracies (p. 164)
4.1.3 Insufficient Bandwidth (p. 164)
4.1.4 Amplitude Distortion (p. 165)
4.1.5 Phase Distortion (p. 165)
4.2 Asynchronous versus Synchronous Transmission (p. 165)
4.2.1 Asynchronous Transmission (p. 166)
4.2.2 Synchronous Transmission (p. 167)
4.3 Line Coding (p. 171)
4.3.1 Level Encoding (p. 171)
4.3.2 Bipolar Coding (p. 173)
4.3.3 Binary N-Zero Substitution (p. 176)
4.3.4 Pair Selected Ternary (p. 179)
4.3.5 Ternary Coding (p. 180)
4.3.6 Digital Biphase (p. 181)
4.3.7 Differential Encoding (p. 183)
4.3.8 Coded Mark Inversion (p. 183)
4.3.9 Multilevel Signaling (p. 184)
4.3.10 Partial-Response Signaling (p. 185)
4.4 Error Performance (p. 189)
4.4.1 Signal Detection (p. 190)
4.4.2 Noise Power (p. 190)
4.4.3 Error Probabilities (p. 191)
4.5 Performance Monitoring (p. 198)
4.5.1 Redundancy Checks (p. 198)
4.5.2 Signal Quality Measurements (p. 201)
4.5.3 Framing Channel Errors (p. 203)
4.5.4 Performance Objectives (p. 203)
4.5.5 Forward Error Correction (p. 204)
4.6 Time Division Multiplexing (p. 207)
4.6.1 Bit Interleaving versus Word Interleaving (p. 208)
4.6.2 Framing (p. 209)
4.6.3 DS1 Extended Superframe (p. 215)
4.7 Time Division Multiplex Loops and Rings (p. 216)
References (p. 219)
Problems (p. 221)
Chapter 5 Digital Switching (p. 225)
5.1 Switching Functions (p. 226)
5.2 Space Division Switching (p. 227)
5.2.1 Multiple-Stage Switching (p. 230)
5.2.2 Blocking Probabilities: Lee Graphs (p. 234)
5.2.3 Blocking Probabilities: Jacobaeus (p. 238)
5.2.4 Folded Four-Wire Switches (p. 242)
5.2.5 Pathfinding (p. 243)
5.2.6 Switch Matrix Control (p. 244)
5.3 Time Division Switching (p. 246)
5.3.1 Analog Time Division Switching (p. 246)
5.3.2 Digital Time Division Switching (p. 247)
5.4 Two-Dimensional Switching (p. 251)
5.4.1 STS Switching (p. 255)
5.4.2 TST Switching (p. 257)
5.4.3 No. 4 ESS Toll Switch (p. 262)
5.4.4 System 75 Digital PBX (p. 264)
5.5 Digital Cross-Connect Systems (p. 265)
5.5.1 Consolidation and Segregation (p. 267)
5.5.2 DCS Hierarchy (p. 268)
5.5.3 Integrated Cross-Connect Equipment (p. 269)
5.6 Digital Switching in an Analog Environment (p. 270)
5.6.1 Zero-Loss Switching (p. 270)
5.6.2 Borscht (p. 272)
5.6.3 Conferencing (p. 272)
References (p. 273)
Problems (p. 274)
Chapter 6 Digital Modulation and Radio Systems (p. 277)
6.1 Digital Modulation (p. 279)
6.1.1 Amplitude Modulation (p. 280)
6.1.2 Frequency Shift Keying (p. 284)
6.1.3 Phase Shift Keying (p. 288)
6.1.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (p. 301)
6.1.5 Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation (p. 309)
6.1.6 Partial-Response QAM (p. 310)
6.1.7 Trellis-Coded Modulation (p. 311)
6.1.8 Multicarrier Modulation (p. 315)
6.2 Filter Partitioning (p. 317)
6.2.1 Adjacent-Channel Interference (p. 317)
6.2.2 Optimum Partitioning (p. 318)
6.3 Emission Specifications (p. 320)
6.4 Radio System Design (p. 322)
6.4.1 Fade Margins (p. 322)
6.4.2 System Gain (p. 323)
6.4.3 Frequency Diversity (p. 326)
6.4.4 Space Diversity (p. 327)
6.4.5 Angle Diversity (p. 327)
6.4.6 Adaptive Equalization (p. 328)
6.4.7 Route Design (p. 328)
References (p. 329)
Problems (p. 332)
Chapter 7 Network Synchronization Control and Management (p. 335)
7.1 Timing (p. 336)
7.1.1 Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop (p. 336)
7.1.2 Clock Instability (p. 337)
7.1.3 Elastic Stores (p. 339)
7.1.4 Jitter Measurements (p. 342)
7.1.5 Systematic Jitter (p. 345)
7.2 Timing Inaccuracies (p. 346)
7.2.1 Slips (p. 346)
7.2.2 Asynchronous Multiplexing (p. 351)
7.2.3 Waiting Time Jitter (p. 359)
7.3 Network Synchronization (p. 361)
7.3.1 Plesiochronous (p. 362)
7.3.2 Networkwide Pulse Stuffing (p. 363)
7.3.3 Mutual Synchronization (p. 364)
7.3.4 Network Master (p. 364)
7.3.5 Master-Slave Synchronization (p. 365)
7.3.6 Packetization (p. 366)
7.3.7 Network Timing Performance Measurements (p. 366)
7.4 U.S. Network Synchronization (p. 370)
7.4.1 Synchronization Regions (p. 370)
7.4.2 Primary Reference Sources (p. 372)
7.4.3 1996 ATandT Synchronization Architecture (p. 373)
7.5 Network Control (p. 373)
7.5.1 Hierarchical Synchronization Processes (p. 374)
7.6 Network Management (p. 376)
7.6.1 Routing Control (p. 376)
7.6.2 Flow Control (p. 377)
References (p. 380)
Problems (p. 382)
Chapter 8 Fiber Optic Transmission Systems (p. 383)
8.1 Fiber Optic Transmission System Elements (p. 386)
8.1.1 Optical Fiber Fundamentals (p. 387)
8.1.2 Electrical-to-Optical Transducers (p. 390)
8.1.3 Optical-to-Electrical Transducers (p. 393)
8.2 Line Codes for Fiber Optic Transmission (p. 395)
8.2.1 mBnB Line Codes (p. 396)
8.2.2 Bit Insertion Codes (p. 399)
8.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (p. 401)
8.4 Fiber System Design (p. 403)
8.4.1 Fiber Connectors and Splices (p. 404)
8.4.2 Protection Switching (p. 404)
8.4.3 System Gain (p. 405)
8.5 SONET/SDH (p. 406)
8.5.1 SONET Multiplexing Overview (p. 408)
8.5.2 SONET Frame Formats (p. 409)
8.5.3 SONET Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (p. 411)
8.5.4 Payload Framing and Frequency Justification (p. 414)
8.5.5 Virtual Tributaries (p. 417)
8.5.6 DS3 Payload Mapping (p. 422)
8.5.7 E4 Payload Mapping (p. 423)
8.5.8 SONET Optical Standards (p. 425)
8.5.9 SONET Networks (p. 426)
8.6 SONET Rings (p. 429)
8.6.1 Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (p. 429)
8.6.2 Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (p. 431)
References (p. 433)
Problems (p. 434)
Chapter 9 Digital Mobile Telephony (p. 437)
9.1 North American Digital Cellular (p. 437)
9.1.1 D-AMPS Transmission Format (p. 438)
9.1.2 D-AMPS Speech Coding (p. 439)
9.1.3 D-AMPS Control Channel (p. 439)
9.1.4 D-AMPS Error Control (p. 440)
9.2 Global System for Mobile Communications (p. 441)
9.2.1 GSM Channel Structure (p. 441)
9.2.2 GSM Speech Coding (p. 443)
9.2.3 GSM Channel Coding and Modulation (p. 443)
9.2.4 GSM Mobile Station (p. 443)
9.2.5 GSM Frequency Hopping (p. 444)
9.2.6 GSM Short Message Service (p. 444)
9.3 Code Division Multiple-Access Cellular (p. 444)
9.3.1 CDMA Channel Establishment (p. 445)
9.3.2 CDMA Multipath Tolerance (p. 448)
9.3.3 CDMA Power Control (p. 449)
9.3.4 CDMA Soft Handoff (p. 449)
9.4 Personal Communication System (p. 450)
9.5 Voice Privacy and Authentication (p. 450)
9.6 Iridium (p. 451)
9.7 Trunked Radio (p. 452)
9.8 Cellular Digital Packet Data (p. 453)
References (p. 453)
Problems (p. 454)
Chapter 10 Data and Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks (p. 455)
10.1 Message Switching (p. 456)
10.2 Packet Switching (p. 458)
10.2.1 Packet Formats (p. 460)
10.2.2 Statistical Multiplexing (p. 461)
10.2.3 Routing Control (p. 463)
10.2.4 Flow Control (p. 466)
10.2.5 X.25 (p. 469)
10.2.6 Frame Relay (p. 471)
10.2.7 TCP/IP (p. 473)
10.3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks (p. 474)
10.3.1 ATM Cells (p. 474)
10.3.2 ATM Service Categories (p. 474)
10.3.3 ATM Connections (p. 477)
10.3.4 ATM Switching (p. 477)
10.3.5 ATM Applications (p. 484)
10.4 Internet Protocol Transport (p. 490)
References (p. 492)
Problems (p. 494)
Chapter 11 Digital Subscriber Access (p. 495)
11.1 Integrated Services Digital Network (p. 496)
11.1.1 ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture (p. 497)
11.1.2 S/T Interface (p. 499)
11.1.3 ISDN U Interface (p. 501)
11.1.4 ISDN D Channel Protocol (p. 503)
11.2 High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops (p. 503)
11.2.1 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (p. 503)
11.2.2 VDSL (p. 507)
11.3 Digital Loop Carrier Systems (p. 507)
11.3.1 Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems (p. 507)
11.3.2 Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Systems (p. 508)
11.3.3 Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier Systems (p. 509)
11.4 Fiber in the Loop (p. 510)
11.5 Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems (p. 511)
11.6 Voiceband Modems (p. 512)
11.6.1 PCM Modems (p. 513)
11.7 Local Microwave Distribution Service (p. 515)
11.8 Digital Satellite Services (p. 516)
References (p. 516)
Problems (p. 517)
Chapter 12 Traffic Analysis (p. 519)
12.1 Traffic Characterization (p. 520)
12.1.1 Arrival Distributions (p. 524)
12.1.2 Holding Time Distributions (p. 527)
12.2 Loss Systems (p. 530)
12.2.1 Lost Calls Cleared (p. 531)
12.2.2 Lost Calls Returning (p. 536)
12.2.3 Lost Calls Held (p. 539)
12.2.4 Lost Calls Cleared--Finite Sources (p. 541)
12.2.5 Lost Calls Held--Finite Sources (p. 544)
12.3 Network Blocking Probabilities (p. 547)
12.3.1 End-to-End Blocking Probabilities (p. 548)
12.3.2 Overflow Traffic (p. 551)
12.4 Delay Systems (p. 552)
12.4.1 Exponential Service Times (p. 555)
12.4.2 Constant Service Times (p. 558)
12.4.3 Finite Queues (p. 561)
12.4.4 Tandem Queues (p. 566)
References (p. 567)
Problems (p. 568)
Appendix A Derivatization of Equations (p. 573)
Appendix B Encoding/Decoding Algorithms for Segmented PCM (p. 579)
Appendix C Analytic Fundamentals of Digital Transmission (p. 587)
Appendix D Traffic Tables (p. 607)
Glossary (p. 613)
Answers to Selected Problems (p. 631)
Index (p. 635)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

John C. Bellamy, PhD, is a consultant based in Texas and a senior member of the IEEE.